Class 10 History Chapter 2 Growth Of Nationalism

This quiz on ICSE Class 10 History – Chapter 2: Growth of Nationalism is designed to assess students’ understanding of the political, social, and economic factors that led to the rise of Indian nationalism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It covers key developments such as the impact of British policies, the role of the press, education, and socio-religious reform movements, as well as the contribution of early national leaders and organizations. The quiz encourages learners to recall important events, analyze causes and consequences, and develop a clear chronological and conceptual understanding of how national consciousness emerged and strengthened in India, in alignment with the ICSE curriculum.

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Category: Proposal: Indian judges trying Europeans

1. Who prepared the Ilbert Bill in 1883?

a) Lord Dalhousie

b) Sir C.P. Ilbert

c) Warren Hastings

d) Lord Canning

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Category: Raja Rammohan Roy:

2. Which social evil did Raja Rammohan Roy campaign against?

a) Child labor

b) Sati system

c) Untouchability

d) Dowry system

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Category: High land revenue and other taxes

3. (A) High land revenue and other taxes imposed by the British led to widespread economic distress among Indian peasants.
(R) The British prioritized revenue extraction over the welfare of the agricultural class, pushing peasants into indebtedness.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

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Category: Indian Association (1876)

4. Which of the following was NOT an objective of the Indian Association?

a) Creation of a strong body of public opinion

b) Integration of Indian people on common political interests

c) Direct opposition to British rule

d) Promotion of friendly relations between Hindus and Muslims

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Category: Study of Sanskrit, Quran, Bible, Western thought

5. Which of the following principles did the Brahmo Samaj advocate under Raja Rammohan Roy?

a) Polytheism and ritualistic worship

b) Worship of multiple idols for salvation

c) Monotheism and rejection of idol worship

d) Focus on caste-based religious practices

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Category: Educated Indians

6. (A) Educated Indians were mostly confined to low-ranking jobs under British administration.
(R) The British policies promoted equal opportunities for all Indian employees in administrative services.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

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Category: Socio-Religious Reform Movements

7. (A) Raja Rammohan Roy founded the Brahmo Samaj to promote monotheism and oppose idol worship.
(R) The Brahmo Samaj aimed to eradicate social evils like sati, child marriage, and caste discrimination through rational and humanitarian principles.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

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Category: Socio‑religious reform movements

8. Who founded the Brahmo Samaj in 1828?

a) Swami Dayanand Saraswati

b) Jyotiba Phule

c) Raja Rammohan Roy

d) Swami Vivekananda

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Category: Educated Indians

9. What was the primary reason educated Indians initially supported British rule but later became critical of it?

a) They admired British culture and wanted to adopt it completely

b) British promised immediate self-rule which they failed to deliver

c) They hoped for economic modernization but faced exploitation

d) British provided excellent education but no job opportunities

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Category: Aims of the Congress (initial)

10. One of the primary aims of the Indian National Congress was to train and organise public opinion in the country. Which of the following methods was NOT explicitly mentioned as part of this aim?

a) Formulating popular demands

b) Presenting demands to the government

c) Conducting armed rebellions

d) Promoting friendly relations among workers

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Category: Jyotiba Phule:

11. In which book did Jyotiba Phule describe the hardships faced by the lower castes?

a) 'Satyashodhak Samaj'

b) 'Ghulamgiri'

c) 'Widow Remarriage'

d) 'Education for All'

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Category: East India Association (1866)

12. What significant role did the East India Association play in the Indian nationalist movement?

a) It organized armed rebellions against the British

b) It solely focused on economic reforms in India

c) It provided a platform for Indian leaders to present demands and created awareness among the British public

d) It demanded complete independence immediately after formation

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Category: Uplift of women

13. What was the primary reason behind Raja Rammohan Roy's campaign against the practice of Sati?

a) It violated basic human rights and dignity of women

b) It was causing population decline in certain communities

c) The British government encouraged him to oppose it for administrative convenience

d) Religious scriptures had no mention of this practice

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Category: East India Association:

14. What was the primary objective of the East India Association?

a) To promote industrialization in India

b) To fight for complete Indian independence

c) To spread Christianity in India

d) To inform British citizens about Indian issues

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Category: Effects the of Socio-religious Reform Movements on Growth of Nationalism

15. How did the socio-religious reform movements lay the ideological foundation for Indian nationalism by addressing both social and political issues?

a) They solely focused on religious revival without any political implications.

b) By promoting Western ideals that aligned with British policies.

c) By advocating for social equality, cultural pride, and resistance against colonialism.

d) Through exclusive emphasis on women's education and ignoring caste disparities.

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Category: Aims and early sessions of the Congress

16. Who was the president of the first session of the Indian National Congress held in 1885?

a) Dadabhai Naoroji

b) Pherozeshah Mehta

c) W.C. Bonnerjee

d) Badruddin Tyabji

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Category: Effects on nationalism:

17. What was the primary reason the Ilbert Bill Controversy (1883) became a turning point in Indian nationalism?

a) It introduced new taxes on Indians to fund British projects

b) It revealed systemic racial bias in British administration

c) It granted Indians full control over judicial appointments

d) It led to the immediate formation of the Indian National Congress

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Category: Pioneer of Indian Journalism:

18. (A) Rammohan Roy started the \textit{Samwad Kaumudi} primarily to advocate for political rights and judicial reforms.
(R) He believed that journalism could be an effective tool to influence public opinion and represent grievances before the British government.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

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Category: Impact of Western education; rational and scientific outlook.

19. How did Western education influence Indian society's approach to traditional beliefs in the 19th century?

a) It reinforced superstitious practices among educated Indians.

b) It discouraged questioning of existing social norms.

c) It promoted rational thinking and criticism of outdated traditions.

d) It led to complete abandonment of all indigenous knowledge systems.

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Category: Socio-Religious Reform Movements

20. Jyotiba Phule played a pivotal role in the upliftment of marginalized sections, particularly women and lower castes. What significant contribution did he make in this regard?

a) Founded the Brahmo Samaj for women’s upliftment

b) Established schools exclusively for girls and lower castes

c) Promoted the purdah system to protect women

d) Advocated for polygamy among upper castes

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Category: Indian Association (1876):

21. Who was the leader of the Indian Association formed in 1876?

a) Dadabhai Naoroji

b) Gopal Krishna Gokhale

c) Surendranath Banerjee

d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

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Category: Social Reforms:

22. (A) The socio-religious reform movements of the 19th century played a significant role in fostering Indian nationalism.
(R) These movements worked to eliminate social evils like caste discrimination and promoted unity among diverse groups, which laid the foundation for collective national identity.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

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Category: Aims of the Congress (initial)

23. When did the Indian National Congress typically hold its annual sessions to plan its programs?

a) January

b) March

c) June

d) December

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Category: Grand Delhi Durbar (1877) during famine

24. How did the Grand Delhi Durbar of 1877 contribute to the growth of the nationalist movement in India?

a) By showcasing British military strength

b) By uniting Indian princes under British rule

c) By revealing British indifference to Indian suffering

d) By promoting Western education in India

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Category: Delegation received by Viceroy Lord Dufferin as “distinguished visitors”.

25. (A) The reception of Indian National Congress delegates as 'distinguished visitors' by Viceroy Lord Dufferin indicated British recognition of the Congress's legitimacy.
(R) The Indian National Congress aimed to present its demands through dialogue and representation with the colonial government.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

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Category: Repressive Colonial Policies

26. (A) The Vernacular Press Act (1878) was introduced to suppress Indian vernacular newspapers from publishing anti-British content.
(R) The British government wanted to prevent the spread of nationalist sentiments among Indians.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

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Category: East India Association (1866)

27. Who founded the East India Association in 1866?

a) Mahatma Gandhi

b) Jawaharlal Nehru

c) Dadabhai Naoroji

d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

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Category: East India Association (1866)

28. Where did the East India Association establish its branches besides London?

a) Delhi and Hyderabad

b) Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai

c) Bangalore and Pune

d) Lahore and Karachi

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Category: Economic exploitation

29. Why did the working class in British India have a significant political impact despite their small population size?

a) Because they formed unions early on

b) Due to their large financial influence

c) Their outlook covered national interests despite localized work

d) Because they were supported by British officials

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Category: Study of Sanskrit, Quran, Bible, Western thought

30. Raja Rammohan Roy's *Gift to Monotheists* primarily argued against which of the following religious practices?

a) Belief in one formless divine entity

b) Idol worship and polytheism

c) Prayer rituals in Arabic

d) Meditation practices from Hindu philosophy

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Category: Socio-Religious Reform Movements

31. Raja Rammohan Roy founded the Brahmo Sabha, which later became Brahmo Samaj, to promote social reforms. Which of these was NOT one of his key contributions?

a) Opposed idol worship and promoted monotheism

b) Campaigned against the practice of sati

c) Advocated the slogan "India for the Indians"

d) Supported women’s education and inheritance rights

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Category: Factors leading to the growth of nationalism

32. Which British policy led to the destruction of Indian handicrafts and industry, turning India into a source of raw materials for Britain?

a) Heavy taxation on British goods imported into India

b) Encouragement of local artisans through subsidies

c) Imposition of high tariffs on Indian handicrafts and promotion of British machine-made goods

d) Free trade agreements with Indian rulers

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Category: Formation of the Indian National Congress

33. In which year did the split between the Early Nationalists and Assertive Nationalists occur in the Indian National Congress?

a) 1907

b) 1916

c) 1929

d) 1947

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Category: General aim of British policies

34. What was the primary aim of British economic policies in India?

a) To develop Indian trade and industry

b) To promote welfare and prosperity of Indians

c) To make India economically self-sufficient

d) To extract resources and promote British interests

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Category: Jyotiba Phule:

35. (A) Jyotiba Phule established a school for untouchables in 1854 to educate them and improve their social status.
(R) He believed that education was essential to liberate the depressed classes and make them aware of their rights.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

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Category: Provided a model for all‑India political meetings.

36. Who convened the All India National Conference in 1883?

a) Dadabhai Naoroji

b) Gopal Krishna Gokhale

c) Surendranath Banerjee

d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

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Category: Grand Delhi Durbar (1877) during famine

37. Which of the following best explains why the Grand Delhi Durbar of 1877 is often criticized in historical narratives?

a) It failed to attract international attention

b) It coincided with a period of economic prosperity

c) It ignored the famine-stricken population

d) It introduced unpopular administrative reforms

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Category: Social Justice for Lower Castes:

38. In his book Ghulamgiri, how did Phule fundamentally reinterpret traditional Indian social structure to advocate for lower castes?

a) By proving Shudras were originally kings in ancient texts

b) By showing caste mobility existed in Vedic society

c) By framing Brahmins as foreign invaders who enslaved natives

d) By documenting equal rights in medieval village councils

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Category: Jyotiba Phule:

39. In which book did Jyotiba Phule describe the hardships faced by the lower castes?

a) Satya Shodhak Samaj

b) Ghulamgiri

c) The Wealth of Nations

d) Discovery of India

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Category: Indian Association (1876):

40. ) (A) The Indian Association aimed to create a strong body of public opinion in India.
(R) Its objectives included the integration of Indian people on the basis of common political interests.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

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Category: Journalism and political rights

41. Which of the following was NOT a key role played by the Indian press during the later half of the 19th century in developing national sentiment?

a) Spreading messages of patriotism and modern liberal ideals

b) Criticizing British policies and exposing their unjust nature

c) Organizing armed rebellions against the British rule

d) Facilitating exchange of views among different social groups across India

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Category: Socio-Religious Reform Movements

42. How did socio-religious reform movements contribute most significantly to the growth of Indian nationalism?

a) By creating separate movement organizations for different religious communities

b) Through their emphasis on India's cultural superiority over the West

c) By fostering unity through attacks on social inequalities and promotion of common identity

d) By focusing exclusively on religious reforms without political implications

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Category: Social Justice for Lower Castes:

43. (A) Jyotiba Phule established the Satya Shodhak Samaj to uplift the oppressed castes and women through education and social reforms.
(R) He believed that education was the key to eradicating caste-based discrimination and promoting equality.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

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Category: President: W.C. Bonnerjee

44. Where was the first session of the Indian National Congress held?

a) Kolkata

b) Delhi

c) Mumbai

d) Chennai

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Category: Indian Association (1876):

45. Against which Act did the Indian Association launch agitation?

a) Regulating Act of 1773

b) Vernacular Press Act

c) Government of India Act, 1858

d) Rowlatt Act

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Category: Indian Association (1876):

46. (A) The Indian Association successfully achieved an all-India character during its existence.

(R) The Indian Association had branches in Bengal as well as in towns outside Bengal and aimed to integrate Indians on the basis of common political interests.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

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Category: Jyotiba Phule (Satya Shodhak Samaj)

47. Why was Satya Shodhak Samaj founded by Jyotiba Phule in 1873?

a) To propagate Brahmanical supremacy in society

b) To promote industrial development among upper castes

c) To secure social justice for the weaker sections of society

d) To establish a new religious sect based on Vedic principles

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Category: Indian Arms Act (1878)

48. (A) The Indian Arms Act of 1878 made it mandatory for Indians to obtain a licence to carry arms.

(R) The British government wanted to restrict Indians from possessing arms to prevent rebellion.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

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Category: Grand Delhi Durbar (1877) during famine

49. (A) The Grand Delhi Durbar of 1877 significantly contributed to the growth of nationalist sentiment in India.
(R) The British government's extravagant spending on the Durbar while ignoring the famine highlighted their indifference towards Indian welfare.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

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Category: Political Rights:

50. The withdrawal of the Ilbert Bill in 1883 demonstrated which of the following about British colonial rule in India?

a) The British were committed to gradual judicial reforms in India.

b) The British prioritized maintaining racial superiority over legal equality.

c) Indian judges were deemed incompetent to handle cases involving Europeans.

d) The British actively supported Indian demands for self-governance.

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Category: Upliftment of Women:

51. How did the press contribute to the growth of nationalism in 19th-century India?

a) By censoring anti-British literature

b) Through promoting regional divides

c) By spreading liberal ideals and criticizing colonialism

d) By advocating for religious orthodoxy

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Category: East India Association (1866)

52. What was one of the main objectives of the East India Association?

a) To organize armed rebellions against the British

b) To provide information on Indian subjects to British citizens and Parliament

c) To promote British culture in India

d) To establish trade relations with other countries

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Category: Effects the of Socio-religious Reform Movements on Growth of Nationalism

53. What was the significance of the socio-religious reformers' critique of the caste system in mobilizing marginalized communities for the nationalist movement?

a) It reinforced caste divisions to prevent unity among Indians.

b) Lower castes were encouraged to demand separate electorates under British rule.

c) It fostered solidarity by rejecting untouchability and promoting egalitarian values.

d) The critique was limited to urban areas and ignored rural marginalized groups.

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Category: Jyotiba Phule:

54. What was one of the significant contributions of Jyotiba Phule towards women's education?

a) Establishing a school for untouchables

b) Founding the Satya Shodhak Samaj

c) Starting one of the first girls' schools in Pune

d) Writing the book 'Ghulamgiri'

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Category: Study of Sanskrit, Quran, Bible, Western thought

55. Which key principle did the Brahmo Samaj, founded by Rammohan Roy, emphasize as part of its reforms?

a) Strict adherence to Vedic rituals

b) Monotheism and rejection of idol worship

c) Revival of ancient Greek mythology

d) Exclusivity based on caste hierarchy

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Category: Provided a model for all‑India political meetings.

56. The All India National Conference of 1883 was significant because it:

a) Provided immediate independence from British rule

b) Served as a precursor to regional political movements only in Bengal

c) Demonstrated the feasibility of all-India political gatherings

d) Opposed the formation of the Indian National Congress

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Category: Rise of many English and vernacular newspapers

57. Which of the following best describes how newspapers contributed to the Indian national movement?

a) By isolating Indians from global political developments

b) By discouraging any form of political movement

c) By fostering national sentiment through information exchange and criticism of British rule

d) By supporting British rule unconditionally

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Category: Effects on nationalism:

58. The British colonial policies primarily affected which section of Indian society by pushing them into debt and dependency on landlords?

a) The artisans and craftsmen

b) The working class

c) The educated Indians

d) The peasants

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Category: Upliftment of Women:

59. Raja Rammohan Roy played a significant role in abolishing which oppressive practice against women through his reform efforts?

a) Child marriage

b) Purdah system

c) Dowry system

d) Practice of Sati

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Category: Factors leading to the growth of nationalism

60. (A) The economic policies of the British in India were primarily aimed at benefiting the Indian economy.
(R) The British encouraged Indian handicrafts and industries to flourish, which strengthened the local economy.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

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Category: Grand Delhi Durbar (1877) during famine

61. What was the primary reason for the widespread criticism of the Grand Delhi Durbar held in 1877?

a) It showcased Indian cultural heritage

b) It drained British resources heavily

c) It ignored the famine-stricken population

d) It promoted religious tolerance

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Category: Repressive Colonial Policies

62. (A) The Vernacular Press Act of 1878 was introduced to suppress nationalist sentiments among Indians by controlling vernacular newspapers.
(R) The Vernacular Press Act applied only to Indian-language newspapers and not to English newspapers, showing the discriminatory nature of British policies.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

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Category: Socio-Religious Reform Movements

63. Who founded the Brahmo Samaj in 1828?

a) Jyotiba Phule

b) Swami Vivekananda

c) Raja Rammohan Roy

d) Swami Dayanand Saraswati

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Category: Critique of caste rigidity, polygamy, child marriage, purdah

64. Who founded the Satya Shodhak Samaj to secure social justice for the marginalized sections of society?

a) Raja Rammohan Roy

b) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

c) Jyotiba Phule

d) Swami Dayanand Saraswati

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Category: Social Reforms:

65. (A) The socio-religious reform movements of the 19th century contributed to Indian nationalism by fostering unity and challenging colonial narratives.
(R) These movements emphasized cultural pride and advocated for social justice, which indirectly weakened British ideological dominance.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

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Category: Raja Rammohan Roy:

66. (A) Raja Rammohan Roy campaigned for the abolition of the sati system.
(R) He believed in women's rights and condemned the subjugation of women.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

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Category: Impact of Western education; rational and scientific outlook.

67. Who among the following founded the Brahmo Samaj?

a) Swami Dayanand Saraswati

b) Jyotiba Phule

c) Raja Rammohan Roy

d) Swami Vivekananda

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Category: Indian National Conference (1883)

68. Who convened the All India National Conference in 1883?

a) Dadabhai Naoroji

b) Gopal Krishna Gokhale

c) Surendranath Banerjee

d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

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Category: Precursors of the Indian National Congress

69. Who founded the East India Association in 1866?

a) Raja Ram Mohan Roy

b) Surendranath Banerjee

c) Dadabhai Naoroji

d) Gopal Krishna Gokhale

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Category: Jyotiba Phule:

70. What was the primary aim of the Satya Shodhak Samaj founded by Jyotiba Phule?

a) Promoting British rule in India

b) Securing social justice for the weaker sections

c) Establishing more schools for women

d) Abolishing all religious practices

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Category: Socio-Religious Reform Movements

71. (A) Raja Rammohan Roy's Brahmo Samaj played a pivotal role in advocating for women’s rights and social equality, which significantly contributed to the nationalist movement.
(R) The Brahmo Samaj emphasized monotheism, denounced idol worship, and campaigned against social evils like sati and child marriage, fostering a rational approach that inspired nationalism.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

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Category: Effects on nationalism:

72. How did British colonial policies economically affect Indian peasants?

a) They benefited from improved agricultural techniques introduced by the British.

b) They faced heavy taxation and land revenue, leading to indebtedness.

c) Their income increased due to exports of cash crops.

d) They gained access to modern banking systems for loans.

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Category: Factors leading to the growth of nationalism

73. What was the significance of the Surat Session (1907) of the Indian National Congress in the context of the nationalist movement?

a) It led to the merger of all nationalist factions under British supervision.

b) The session resulted in the adoption of violent methods exclusively.

c) It caused a split between Moderates and Extremists, shaping future strategies.

d) The session declared immediate independence from British rule.

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Category: Build strong public opinion.

74. Which psychological principle is most critical for shaping public opinion through persuasion?

a) Random reinforcement to keep the audience guessing

b) Using fear exclusively to drive behavior change

c) Leveraging the principle of consistency in messaging

d) Avoiding repetition to prevent desensitization

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Category: Socio‑religious reform movements

75. What was the primary objective of Jyotiba Phule's Satya Shodhak Samaj?

a) Promoting British policies in India

b) Advocating untouchability

c) Upliftment of women and lower castes

d) Spreading Western culture

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Category: Political Rights:

76. (A) Raja Rammohan Roy’s demands for judicial equality and Indianisation of services were aimed at reducing the discriminatory policies of the British colonial rule.
(R) The repressive policies of Lord Lytton, such as the Vernacular Press Act and the reduction of the maximum age limit for ICS exams, highlighted the racial bias and fueled nationalist sentiment among Indians.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

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Category: Grand Delhi Durbar (1877) during famine

77. (A) The Grand Delhi Durbar of 1877 was held to celebrate Queen Victoria's proclamation as Empress of India while a severe famine was raging in parts of the country.
(R) The British government allocated substantial funds for famine relief but none were spent on the Durbar.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

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Category: Upliftment of Women:

78. The Satya Shodhak Samaj, founded by Jyotiba Phule, was primarily focused on:

a) Advocating for British colonial policies

b) Securing social justice for marginalized groups

c) Promoting industrialization in Maharashtra

d) Establishing a new religious sect

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Category: High land revenue and other taxes

79. What did the opposition to the Ilbert Bill of 1883 reveal about British attitudes in India?

a) British willingness to implement judicial equality

b) The superior legal knowledge of Indian judges

c) The racist attitude of the British in India

d) Indian judges' lack of competence to try Europeans

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Category: Rise of many English and vernacular newspapers

80. What was the primary objective of the Vernacular Press Act (1878) introduced by Lord Lytton, and how did it impact Indian journalism?

a) To encourage local journalism by providing financial support to vernacular newspapers.

b) To ensure balanced reporting by applying censorship equally to both English and vernacular papers.

c) To empower Indian editors by allowing unrestricted criticism of colonial rule.

d) To silence vernacular newspapers by prohibiting anti-British content while exempting English papers.

81 / 575

Category: Build strong public opinion.

81. In grassroots mobilization, what approach ensures long-term sustainability of public opinion movements?

a) Relying only on external funding and resources

b) Organizing one large protest event without follow-ups

c) Building local leadership and regular community meetings

d) Ignoring opposing views to maintain unity

82 / 575

Category: Raja Rammohan Roy:

82. What was the name of the Bengali weekly started by Raja Rammohan Roy?

a) Sambad Prabhakar

b) Samachar Darpan

c) Samwad Kaumudi

d) Bengal Gazette

83 / 575

Category: General aim of British policies

83. The British introduced separate electorates for Muslims through which act, reinforcing their 'Divide and Rule' policy?

a) Government of India Act, 1858

b) Indian Councils Act, 1909

c) Rowlatt Act, 1919

d) Simon Commission, 1927

84 / 575

Category: Uplift of women

84. Which of the following practices was abolished due to the efforts of Raja Rammohan Roy?

a) Child marriage

b) Sati

c) Polygamy

d) Purdah system

85 / 575

Category: Economic exploitation

85. How did British land revenue policies contribute to the rise of nationalism among Indian peasants?

a) They reduced taxes to win peasant support.

b) They provided loans to peasants at low interest rates.

c) They abolished the zamindari system entirely.

d) They burdened peasants with high taxes and debts.

86 / 575

Category: Bengal British India Society

86. How did the Bengal British India Society influence later political organizations in India?

a) It directly merged with the Indian National Congress in 1885

b) It demonstrated the effectiveness of revolutionary violence

c) It established a model for organized political representation

d) It successfully achieved complete independence from Britain

87 / 575

Category: Build strong public opinion.

87. Which section of Indian society was most adversely affected by British economic policies that destroyed handicrafts and industry?

a) The British factory owners in India.

b) The educated middle class seeking government jobs.

c) The artisans and craftsmen who lost their livelihoods.

d) The landlords who benefited from land revenue policies.

88 / 575

Category: Social Justice for Lower Castes:

88. Which book did Jyotiba Phule write to describe the hardships faced by the lower castes?

a) Geet Govind

b) Ghulamgiri

c) Anandmath

d) Hind Swaraj

89 / 575

Category: Jyotiba Phule (Satya Shodhak Samaj)

89. In his book 'Ghulamgiri', how did Jyotiba Phule fundamentally interpret the Indian caste system?

a) As divinely ordained varna system

b) As natural division of labor

c) As historical form of slavery imposed by Brahmins

d) As necessary for maintaining social order

90 / 575

Category: General aim of British policies

90. Why was the working class's political thinking significant despite their small population?

a) They held key positions in the government

b) Their demands were backed by wealthy industrialists

c) Their broad national outlook and unified interests made them politically significant

d) They had direct access to British authorities

91 / 575

Category: Bengal British India Society

91. Who among the following was associated with the Bengal British India Society?

a) Mahatma Gandhi

b) Jawaharlal Nehru

c) Raja Ram Mohan Roy

d) Subhas Chandra Bose

92 / 575

Category: President: W.C. Bonnerjee

92. During the first session of the Indian National Congress under W.C. Bonnerjee's presidentship, what was one of the key aims as declared by him that specifically emphasized national unity beyond regional or religious identities?

a) To advocate for complete independence from British rule

b) To promote friendly relations among nationalist political workers

c) To develop and consolidate the feelings of national unity irrespective of caste, religion or province

d) To establish separate electorates based on religion

93 / 575

Category: Proposal: Indian judges trying Europeans

93. What was the main provision of the Ilbert Bill?

a) To increase taxes on Indians

b) To allow Indian judges to try British or Europeans

c) To ban political agitation

d) To promote British trade in India

94 / 575

Category: Jyotiba Phule (Satya Shodhak Samaj)

94. What was the distinctive approach of Satya Shodhak Samaj in challenging social inequalities compared to other contemporary reform movements?

a) Seeking legal changes through British courts

b) Focusing exclusively on religious conversion

c) Grassroot mobilization and rejection of Brahmanical mediation

d) Advocating violent overthrow of upper castes

95 / 575

Category: Upliftment of Women:

95. Which organization did Jyotiba Phule establish to secure social justice for weaker sections, including women?

a) Brahmo Samaj

b) Arya Samaj

c) Satya Shodhak Samaj

d) Ramakrishna Mission

96 / 575

Category: First Session (Bombay, 1885)

96. Which of the following was NOT an aim of the Indian National Congress as declared by W.C. Bonnerjee?

a) To promote friendly relations among nationalist workers

b) To oppose British rule in India

c) To develop feelings of national unity

d) To formulate popular demands

97 / 575

Category: Repressive Colonial Policies

97. (A) The Vernacular Press Act of 1878 was introduced to suppress nationalist sentiments among Indians by censoring vernacular newspapers.
(R) The Vernacular Press Act was repealed in 1882 due to widespread protests and agitation by educated Indians.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

98 / 575

Category: Study of Sanskrit, Quran, Bible, Western thought

98. Why did Raja Rammohan Roy learn Greek and Hebrew?

a) To translate Hindu scriptures into European languages

b) To communicate with Christian missionaries

c) To study the Bible in its original languages

d) To teach Western philosophy in India

99 / 575

Category: Repressive Colonial Policies

99. How did the economic policies under Lord Lytton demonstrate British exploitation of India during the colonial period?

a) The Durbar funds were used to modernize Indian agriculture and industry

b) Import duties on Indian goods were increased to protect local manufacturers

c) The British invested heavily in Indian infrastructure during Lytton's rule

d) Funds were spent on lavish ceremonies while ignoring famines, and import policies favored British trade

100 / 575

Category: Economic exploitation

100. (A) The British economic policies in India led to the impoverishment of Indian artisans and craftsmen.
(R) The British encouraged Indian handicrafts and industry to flourish under their rule.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

101 / 575

Category: Inclusion of women as potential political participants.

101. The establishment of the first girls' school in Pune by Jyotiba Phule and Savitribai Phule was primarily aimed at:

a) Promoting traditional household roles for women

b) Empowering women to participate in social and political spheres

c) Serving as a British government initiative

d) Training women exclusively in religious studies

102 / 575

Category: Repressive Colonial Policies

102. How did Lord Lytton's economic policies negatively impact Indian industries?

a) By increasing taxes on raw materials imported into India

b) By imposing high export duties on Indian goods

c) By removing import duties on British textiles

d) By banning Indian handicrafts

103 / 575

Category: British Indian Association

103. What was a primary objective of the British Indian Association?

a) To promote religious conversions among Indians

b) To demand complete independence from British rule

c) To advocate for the rights and welfare of Indians under British administration

d) To establish a separate state for landowners

104 / 575

Category: Indian Association (1876):

104. Which of the following was NOT an objective of the Indian Association?

a) Creation of a strong body of public opinion

b) Promotion of friendly relations between Hindus and Muslims

c) Integration of Indian people on political interests

d) Promoting British trade policies

105 / 575

Category: Caste and social justice

105. What was a major social evil that Raja Rammohan Roy campaigned against, which led to its abolition in 1829?

a) Child marriage

b) Sati

c) Untouchability

d) Caste discrimination

106 / 575

Category: Aims of the Congress (initial)

106. What was one of the main aims of the Indian National Congress as declared by W.C. Bonnerjee?

a) To establish a separate nation for Indians

b) To develop and consolidate the feelings of national unity irrespective of caste, religion or province

c) To overthrow the British government immediately

d) To promote only Hindu-Muslim unity

107 / 575

Category: Impact of Western education; rational and scientific outlook.

107. How did socio-religious reform movements contribute to the growth of Indian nationalism in the 19th century?

a) By directly organizing political protests against British rule

b) Through military training of Indian youth

c) By creating economic boycotts of British goods

d) By building self-confidence and unity through social critique and cultural revival

108 / 575

Category: Economic exploitation

108. What was the primary reason for the economic distress of Indian peasants during British rule?

a) High wages paid to laborers

b) Lack of agricultural tools

c) Excessive land revenue and taxes

d) Frequent crop failures

109 / 575

Category: Landholders’ Society (1838, Calcutta)

109. The primary objective of the Landholders' Society was to:

a) Promote religious reforms among Indian communities.

b) Advocate for the rights and interests of Indian landowners. \� Establish trade relations with European merchants.

c) Organize armed rebellions against the British.

110 / 575

Category: Aims and early sessions of the Congress

110. The Indian Association, founded by Surendranath Banerjee in 1876, achieved prominence by launching agitations against which of the following Acts?

a) The Government of India Act, 1858

b) The Rowlatt Act, 1919

c) The Vernacular Press Act and the Arms Act

d) The Indian Councils Act, 1909

111 / 575

Category: Caste and social justice

111. How did 19th-century socio-religious reform movements contribute to challenging caste-based discrimination?

a) By advocating for complete isolation of lower castes.

b) By reinforcing traditional caste roles through new rituals.

c) By condemning untouchability and promoting equality.

d) By supporting British policies to abolish caste.

112 / 575

Category: Precursors of the Indian National Congress

112. Which of the following acts was opposed by the Indian Association during its agitations?

a) Rowlatt Act

b) Vernacular Press Act

c) Government of India Act, 1935

d) Regulating Act of 1773

113 / 575

Category: Effects the of Socio-religious Reform Movements on Growth of Nationalism

113. (A) Swami Dayanand Saraswati used the slogan 'India for the Indians' to protest British domination.
(R) The socio-religious reform movements played a crucial role in promoting nationalist sentiment by protesting against British rule and advocating social justice.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

114 / 575

Category: Caste and social justice

114. What was Jyotiba Phule's view on the caste system in India, as described in his book 'Ghulamgiri'?

a) It represented a harmonious social order

b) It was an epitome of slavery

c) It encouraged equality among all castes

d) It promoted economic prosperity for lower castes

115 / 575

Category: High land revenue and other taxes

115. Why did peasants become dependent on moneylenders and landlords under British rule?

a) Due to generous loan schemes

b) Because moneylenders provided free land

c) As they had excess produce to sell

d) Because high taxes forced them into borrowing

116 / 575

Category: Violent European opposition; Defence Association

116. Who prepared the Ilbert Bill in 1883?

a) Lord Ripon

b) Sir C.P. Ilbert

c) Lord Dalhousie

d) Warren Hastings

117 / 575

Category: Vernacular Press Act (1878)

117. How did the Vernacular Press Act influence the Indian freedom struggle?

a) It encouraged collaboration between British and Indian journalists.

b) It slowed down the spread of nationalist ideas among the masses.

c) It intensified anti-British sentiments and spurred nationalist agitation.

d) It had no significant impact on Indian politics.

118 / 575

Category: British Indian Association

118. How did the British Indian Association contribute to India's political evolution?

a) By organizing armed rebellions against the British

b) By introducing Western education in India

c) By fostering political awareness and unity among Indians

d) By promoting industrial growth in India

119 / 575

Category: Formation of the Indian National Congress

119. Who among the following was NOT one of the prominent Indian leaders involved in the formation of the Indian National Congress?

a) Mahatma Gandhi

b) Dadabhai Naoroji

c) Surendranath Banerjee

d) Pherozeshah Mehta

120 / 575

Category: Indian Association (1876)

120. What was one of the primary reasons the Indian Association (1876) failed to achieve an all-India character despite its objectives?

a) Limited influence beyond urban centers in Bengal

b) Excessive focus on economic reforms over political issues

c) Opposition from British authorities leading to suppression

d) Lack of distinguished leaders to guide the movement

121 / 575

Category: Economic exploitation

121. What led to the exploitation of the working class in India during British rule?

a) Government welfare schemes

b) High salaries and benefits

c) Exploitation by British factory owners

d) Equal distribution of profits

122 / 575

Category: Founded in London by Dadabhai Naoroji.

122. What was the primary objective of the East India Association founded by Dadabhai Naoroji in London?

a) To organize armed rebellion against British rule

b) To promote trade between India and Britain

c) To present Indian grievances to the British public and Parliament

d) To establish an independent Indian government

123 / 575

Category: Jyotiba Phule (Satya Shodhak Samaj)

123. Which book written by Jyotiba Phule highlights the struggles of the lower castes under the oppressive caste system?

a) Annihilation of Caste

b) Ghulamgiri

c) Hind Swaraj

d) My Experiments with Truth

124 / 575

Category: Factors leading to the growth of nationalism

124. Which section of Indian society was most affected by British economic policies, leading to heavy debt and exploitation?

a) Artisans and craftsmen

b) Working class

c) Educated Indians

d) Peasants

125 / 575

Category: Socio-Religious Reform Movements

125. Swami Dayanand Saraswati's Arya Samaj emphasized Vedic teachings and social reforms. What was the primary focus of the Arya Samaj among the following?

a) Promoting Western education and rational thinking

b) Advocating Vedic teachings and rejecting idol worship

c) Supporting British colonial policies

d) Encouraging the continuation of caste hierarchies

126 / 575

Category: British Indian Association

126. The British Indian Association played a significant role in colonial India. Which of the following best describes its primary objective during the mid-19th century?

a) Promoting armed rebellion against British rule

b) Advocating for complete independence through non-cooperation

c) Petitioning for Indian civil rights and administrative reforms

d) Establishing trade monopolies for Indian merchants

127 / 575

Category: Upliftment of Women:

127. (A) Jyotiba Phule established schools for girls and untouchables to empower them through education
(R) He believed that education was the key to eradicating social inequalities and achieving women's empowerment

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

128 / 575

Category: Build strong public opinion.

128. Why is public opinion important in a democracy?

a) It increases government secrecy

b) It reflects the collective will of the people

c) It reduces political participation

d) It enforces dictatorship

129 / 575

Category: Upliftment of Women:

129. Who founded the first girls' school in Pune along with his wife Savitribai Phule?

a) Raja Rammohan Roy

b) Swami Vivekananda

c) Jyotiba Phule

d) Dayanand Saraswati

130 / 575

Category: President: Dadabhai Naoroji

130. What was one of the primary objectives of the East India Association founded by Dadabhai Naoroji?

a) To promote British trade interests in India

b) To advocate for complete Indian independence immediately

c) To educate Indians about British culture

d) To present Indian issues to the British public and government

131 / 575

Category: Indian National Conference (1883)

131. Why did the Indian National Conference merge with the Indian National Congress in 1886?

a) Due to British pressure to dissolve regional organizations

b) Because Surendranath Banerjee wanted complete control over Congress

c) They shared the same purpose and aimed to unify political efforts

d) The Conference failed to gain any traction among Indians

132 / 575

Category: President: Dadabhai Naoroji

132. (A) Dadabhai Naoroji founded the East India Association to voice Indian grievances before the British Parliament.
(R) He believed that presenting facts about India's condition would persuade the British to address Indian problems.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

133 / 575

Category: Indian Association (1876):

133. ) (A) The Indian Association aimed to create a strong public opinion and integrate Indians on the basis of common political interests.
(R) It organized agitations against oppressive Acts like the Vernacular Press Act to unify people politically.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

134 / 575

Category: Socio‑religious reform movements

134. Which slogan was raised by Swami Dayanand Saraswati?

a) "Swaraj is my birthright"

b) "Back to the Vedas"

c) "Educate, Agitate, Organize"

d) "India for the Indians"

135 / 575

Category: East India Association (1866)

135. A significant achievement of the East India Association was that it:

a) Organized large-scale protests in Indian cities

b) Succeeded in immediately ending British rule in India

c) Acted as a platform for Indian demands in Britain and inspired later political organizations

d) Focused solely on economic reforms without political advocacy

136 / 575

Category: Delegation received by Viceroy Lord Dufferin as “distinguished visitors”.

136. Who was the President of the second session of the Indian National Congress held in Kolkata where some delegates were received by Lord Dufferin as distinguished visitors?

a) Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee

b) Dadabhai Naoroji

c) Badruddin Tyabji

d) Surendranath Banerjee

137 / 575

Category: Formation of the Indian National Congress

137. Who was the first president of the Indian National Congress?

a) Surendranath Banerjee

b) Dadabhai Naoroji

c) A.O. Hume

d) Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee

138 / 575

Category: Indian Arms Act (1878)

138. What was the primary discriminatory aspect of the Indian Arms Act (1878) concerning Indians and British subjects?

a) Prohibited Indians from owning any form of weaponry

b) Required both Indians and British to obtain licenses for arms

c) Exempted British subjects from needing a license to carry arms

d) Allowed Indians to carry arms only during wartime

139 / 575

Category: Uplift of women

139. Which social evil did Raja Rammohan Roy strongly oppose to improve women's status in society?

a) Promoting child marriage as a cultural tradition

b) Opposing the purdah system but supporting sati

c) Condemning the practice of sati and demanding women's inheritance rights

d) Encouraging polygamy for societal balance

140 / 575

Category: President: Dadabhai Naoroji

140. Which of the following was a significant outcome of Dadabhai Naoroji's presidency during the second session of the Indian National Congress in 1886?

a) It introduced the idea of complete independence from British rule.

b) It focused exclusively on religious unity among Indians.

c) It emphasized economic reforms and highlighted British exploitation.

d) It led to immediate constitutional reforms by the British.

141 / 575

Category: Indian Arms Act (1878)

141. What was the primary legal consequence for an Indian carrying arms without a license under the Indian Arms Act (1878)?

a) Fines and community service

b) Criminal offence with possible imprisonment

c) Confiscation of property

d) Mandatory registration with local authorities

142 / 575

Category: President: Dadabhai Naoroji

142. Who founded the East India Association in London in 1866?

a) W.C. Bonnerjee

b) Surendranath Banerjee

c) A.O. Hume

d) Dadabhai Naoroji

143 / 575

Category: Factors leading to the growth of nationalism

143. (A) The economic policies of the British led to widespread discontent among Indian peasants, artisans, and educated Indians, contributing to the growth of nationalism.
(R) These policies destroyed local industries, increased poverty, and limited opportunities, making Indians realize their collective exploitation under colonial rule.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

144 / 575

Category: Grand Delhi Durbar (1877) during famine

144. (A) The Grand Delhi Durbar of 1877 was organized during a severe famine in India.
(R) The British wanted to showcase their imperial power despite the suffering of the Indian population.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

145 / 575

Category: Caste and social justice

145. Which book did Jyotiba Phule write to highlight the struggles of lower castes under the caste system?

a) Annihilation of Caste

b) Ghulamgiri

c) Hind Swaraj

d) Poverty and Un-British Rule in India

146 / 575

Category: Indian Association (1876)

146. Against which act did the Indian Association launch an agitation?

a) Government of India Act, 1858

b) Vernacular Press Act

c) Rowlatt Act

d) Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms

147 / 575

Category: Political Rights:

147. How did Rabindranath Tagore describe Raja Rammohan Roy's contribution to India?

a) Father of Indian Renaissance and prophet of Indian Nationalism

b) Leader of the Sepoy Mutiny

c) Founder of the Indian National Congress

d) First Governor-General of India

148 / 575

Category: Aims and early sessions of the Congress

148. At which session of the Indian National Congress was the resolution for *Poorna Swaraj* declared?

a) 39th (Belgaum)

b) 44th (Lahore)

c) 51st (Haripura)

d) 26th (Kolkata)

149 / 575

Category: Rise of many English and vernacular newspapers

149. What was one of the primary roles played by Indian newspapers during the later half of the 19th century?

a) Spreading religious reforms exclusively

b) Criticizing unjust British policies and exposing their rule

c) Supporting all British policies without criticism

d) Promoting only regional languages and traditions

150 / 575

Category: Precursors of the Indian National Congress

150. Which crucial difference distinguished the primary operational approach of the East India Association (1866) from that of the Indian Association (1876)?

a) Worked primarily among educated elites in India versus mobilizing peasant communities

b) Focused on economic reforms versus demanding complete independence

c) Operated mainly in Britain targeting Parliament versus organizing protests within India

d) Advocated for violent revolution versus peaceful constitutional methods

151 / 575

Category: Educated Indians

151. What was a major source of dissatisfaction for educated Indians during British colonial rule in India?

a) Limited employment opportunities in private sectors

b) High competition and bleak promotion prospects in government jobs

c) Lack of access to Western education

d) Absence of political representation in British Parliament

152 / 575

Category: Landholders’ Society (1838, Calcutta)

152. When was the Landholders' Society established?

a) 1828

b) 1838

c) 1848

d) 1858

153 / 575

Category: Indian Association (1876)

153. Which oppressive act did the Indian Association protest against?

a) Rowlatt Act

b) Government of India Act, 1858

c) Vernacular Press Act

d) Pitt's India Act

154 / 575

Category: Precursors of the Indian National Congress

154. What was one of the main objectives of the Indian Association, established in 1876?

a) Supporting British colonial policies

b) Promoting regionalism among Indians

c) Lowering the age limit for ICS exams

d) Creating a strong public opinion on national issues

155 / 575

Category: East India Association (1866)

155. Who founded the East India Association in 1866, and what was one of its primary objectives?

a) Mahatma Gandhi; To fight for complete independence

b) Dadabhai Naoroji; To educate Indians about British culture

c) Dadabhai Naoroji; To provide accurate information about India to the British public and Parliament

d) Jawaharlal Nehru; To demand immediate self-rule for India

156 / 575

Category: President: Dadabhai Naoroji

156. (A) Dadabhai Naoroji was elected as the President of the Indian National Congress in its second session to consolidate national unity and voice Indian grievances effectively.
(R) Dadabhai Naoroji had already established the East India Association in London to present Indian demands before the British Parliament, showcasing his leadership in nationalist movements.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

157 / 575

Category: Artisans and craftsmen

157. What was one of the major challenges faced by artisans and craftsmen under British colonial rule in India?

a) Their wages were increased significantly under British rule.

b) They were given ownership stakes in factories.

c) Their labor was undervalued, and they faced harsh working conditions.

d) They had unrestricted access to global markets.

158 / 575

Category: President: Dadabhai Naoroji

158. What was the primary reason Lord Dufferin supported the formation of the Indian National Congress?

a) To promote Indian independence immediately

b) To act as a safety-valve for popular discontent

c) To strengthen British military power in India

d) To divide Hindus and Muslims

159 / 575

Category: First Session (Bombay, 1885)

159. What was Viceroy Lord Dufferin's perspective on the formation of the Indian National Congress, as described by historians?

a) He saw it as a threat to British rule

b) He considered it irrelevant to colonial administration

c) He supported it as a genuine platform for Indian self-rule

d) He regarded it as a 'safety-valve' for popular discontent

160 / 575

Category: First Session (Bombay, 1885)

160. Where was the first session of the Indian National Congress held?

a) Delhi

b) Kolkata

c) Mumbai

d) Chennai

161 / 575

Category: Delegation received by Viceroy Lord Dufferin as “distinguished visitors”.

161. (A) The delegates of the second session of 1886 were received by Lord Dufferin as ‘distinguished visitors to the capital’.
(R) Dadabhai Naoroji presided over the second session of 1886.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

162 / 575

Category: British Indian Association

162. How did the British Indian Association influence subsequent political movements in India?

a) It inspired immediate nationwide revolts

b) Its failure led to the rise of extremist militancy

c) It pioneered constitutional agitation later adopted by the INC

d) It dissolved without any notable impact

163 / 575

Category: Vernacular Press Act (1878)

163. What was the primary objective of the Vernacular Press Act of 1878 introduced by Lord Lytton?

a) To promote freedom of press in India

b) To encourage vernacular newspapers to criticize the British Government

c) To ensure equal treatment of English and vernacular newspapers

d) To prevent vernacular newspapers from publishing anti-British content

164 / 575

Category: Indian Association (1876):

164. Against which oppressive Act did the Indian Association launch an agitation?

a) The Industrial Disputes Act

b) The Vernacular Press Act

c) The Charter Act of 1853

d) The Rowlatt Act

165 / 575

Category: Upliftment of Women:

165. What was the main goal of the Satya Shodhak Samaj founded by Jyotiba Phule in 1873?

a) To propagate religious teachings among lower castes

b) To advocate for land reforms for farmers

c) To secure social justice for the weaker sections of society

d) To oppose British colonial rule in India

166 / 575

Category: Socio-Religious Reform Movements

166. What was the primary objective of the Satya Shodhak Samaj?

a) To promote Vedic teachings

b) To abolish sati system

c) To secure social justice for weaker sections

d) To advocate women's education

167 / 575

Category: Artisans and craftsmen

167. Who primarily exploited the new working class in India during the growth of trade and commerce?

a) British rulers

b) Factory owners

c) Local kings

d) Farmers

168 / 575

Category: Journalism and political rights

168. Who is known as the father of Indian Renaissance and the prophet of Indian Nationalism according to Rabindranath Tagore?

a) Mahatma Gandhi

b) Jawaharlal Nehru

c) Rammohan Roy

d) Bhagat Singh

169 / 575

Category: Founded in London by Dadabhai Naoroji.

169. In which Indian cities did the East India Association have branches?

a) Delhi, Hyderabad, Bengaluru

b) Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai

c) Lucknow, Ahmedabad, Pune

d) Jaipur, Bhopal, Patna

170 / 575

Category: Caste and social justice

170. Which of the following best describes Raja Rammohan Roy’s stance on the caste system?

a) He supported the rigid caste system

b) He was indifferent to caste issues

c) He advocated for equality and opposed caste rigidity

d) He promoted caste-based privileges

171 / 575

Category: Political Rights:

171. Which economic demand was raised by Raja Rammohan Roy to support Indian industries?

a) Abolition of heavy export duties on Indian goods

b) Introduction of new taxes on agriculture

c) Ban on all foreign trade

d) Nationalization of private industries

172 / 575

Category: Socio‑religious reform movements

172. How did Swami Vivekananda’s emphasis on Hindu spirituality contribute to Indian nationalism?

a) By advocating violent resistance against the British

b) By rejecting all Western ideals

c) By inspiring cultural confidence and collective action

d) By demanding immediate political independence

173 / 575

Category: Delegation received by Viceroy Lord Dufferin as “distinguished visitors”.

173. How did Lord Dufferin’s classification of certain Congress delegates as "distinguished visitors" reflect broader British colonial policy in India during the late 19th century?

a) It signaled a shift towards full self-governance for India

b) It represented an attempt to suppress the nationalist movement through force

c) It demonstrated a calculated effort to manage dissent without structural reforms

d) It acknowledged the growing strength of revolutionary movements

174 / 575

Category: Uplift of women

174. What was one of the key initiatives taken by Jyotiba Phule to uplift women in India?

a) Establishing co-educational schools for all castes

b) Founding one of the first girls' schools in Pune along with Savitribai Phule

c) Advocating for purdah system to protect women

d) Introducing vocational training exclusively for men

175 / 575

Category: Proposal: Indian judges trying Europeans

175. What was the primary reason behind the British opposition to the Ilbert Bill of 1883?

a) It sought to abolish all British courts in India.

b) It proposed higher taxes for British citizens in India.

c) It challenged the racial hierarchy by allowing Indian judges to try Europeans.

d) It mandated that only British judges could preside over criminal cases.

176 / 575

Category: Journalism and political rights

176. What was Rammohan Roy's primary demand regarding the judicial system in India under British rule?

a) Introduction of English as the official language in courts

b) Establishing military courts for faster trials

c) Separation of the executive and the judiciary

d) Allowing only British judges in higher courts

177 / 575

Category: Repressive Colonial Policies

177. (A) The Ilbert Bill was introduced to promote racial equality between British and Indian judges in colonial India.
(R) The British community in India vehemently opposed the Ilbert Bill because it threatened their racial superiority and special privileges.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

178 / 575

Category: Aims of the Congress (initial)

178. Which of the following was NOT an aim of the Indian National Congress in its initial phase?

a) To promote friendly relations between nationalist political workers

b) To advocate armed rebellion against the British

c) To formulate popular demands and present them before the government

d) To train and organise public opinion in the country

179 / 575

Category: Grand Delhi Durbar (1877) during famine

179. What does the Grand Delhi Durbar of 1877 symbolize in the context of British rule in India?

a) A celebration of Indian unity

b) Colonial exploitation and neglect

c) Technological advancements under the British

d) Religious harmony promoted by the British

180 / 575

Category: Repressive Colonial Policies

180. How did Lord Lytton's policies contribute to the growth of Indian nationalism during his viceroyalty (1876-1880)?

a) The policies promoted equality between British and Indian citizens, reducing nationalist sentiment.

b) They allowed unrestricted freedom of the press for vernacular newspapers, encouraging dissent.

c) They created economic opportunities for Indians by removing trade barriers on British goods.

d) They highlighted racial discrimination and repression, uniting Indians against British policies.

181 / 575

Category: Rise of many English and vernacular newspapers

181. How did the Indian press facilitate political mobilization and exchange of ideas across different regions during the freedom struggle?

a) By limiting discussions to local issues without any national or international perspectives.

b) By discouraging debates on social reforms to maintain harmony with British policies.

c) By propagating divisive ideologies to weaken collective resistance.

d) By disseminating nationalist ideas and enabling coordination among diverse groups nationwide.

182 / 575

Category: Build strong public opinion.

182. What was one of the key objectives of the Indian Association founded in 1876?

a) Advocating for the continuation of British rule in India.

b) Limiting political participation to only the elite class.

c) Encouraging economic exploitation by landlords.

d) Fostering friendly relations between Hindus and Muslims.

183 / 575

Category: Grand Delhi Durbar (1877) during famine

183. How did the Grand Delhi Durbar of 1877 contribute to the growth of Indian nationalism?

a) By uniting different princely states

b) By exposing British indifference towards Indian suffering

c) By introducing democratic reforms

d) By celebrating Indian independence

184 / 575

Category: President: W.C. Bonnerjee

184. Which of the following was NOT one of the initial aims of the Indian National Congress as declared by W.C. Bonnerjee?

a) To promote friendly relations among nationalist workers

b) To advocate for immediate independence from British rule

c) To formulate popular demands and present them before the government

d) To develop feelings of national unity

185 / 575

Category: Founded in London by Dadabhai Naoroji.

185. Who founded the East India Association in London in 1866?

a) Mahatma Gandhi

b) Jawaharlal Nehru

c) Dadabhai Naoroji

d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

186 / 575

Category: Social Justice for Lower Castes:

186. In his book *Ghulamgiri*, what did Jyotiba Phule compare the Indian caste system to?

a) A democratic institution.

b) A progressive economic model.

c) An epitome of slavery.

d) A spiritual hierarchy.

187 / 575

Category: General aim of British policies

187. (A) The British economic policies in India were primarily designed to serve the industrial and commercial interests of Britain at the expense of Indian artisans and craftsmen.
(R) The removal of import duties on British textiles and the destruction of Indian handicrafts led to widespread unemployment and poverty among Indian artisans, fueling nationalist sentiments.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

188 / 575

Category: Uplift of women

188. What was a common goal of the 19th-century Indian social reformers concerning women?

a) Preserving traditional gender roles without change

b) Abolishing the caste system, child marriage, and dowry to uplift women

c) Restricting women's education to domestic skills only

d) Encouraging sati as a religious obligation

189 / 575

Category: Delegation received by Viceroy Lord Dufferin as “distinguished visitors”.

189. Where was the second session of the Indian National Congress held in 1886, where Lord Dufferin met the delegates?

a) Mumbai

b) Chennai

c) Delhi

d) Kolkata

190 / 575

Category: Violent European opposition; Defence Association

190. What was the reaction of the British to the Ilbert Bill?

a) They welcomed the bill warmly

b) They remained neutral about it

c) They formed a Defence Association

d) They immediately accepted the bill

191 / 575

Category: His Approach of Religion:

191. Which languages did Raja Rammohan Roy learn to study religious scriptures critically?

a) Only Sanskrit and Persian

b) Greek and Latin

c) Sanskrit, Persian, Arabic, Greek, and Hebrew

d) English and French

192 / 575

Category: Vernacular Press Act (1878)

192. Which long-term consequence emerged from the repressive policies like the Vernacular Press Act and the Indian Arms Act?

a) Increased loyalty towards British rule among Indians

b) Strengthened collaboration between Indian and British leaders

c) Accelerated the growth of Indian nationalism

d) Reduced participation in political activities by Indians

193 / 575

Category: Socio‑religious reform movements

193. Raja Rammohan Roy and Swami Dayanand Saraswati both advocated against which common social evil in their reform movements?

a) Child marriage

b) Idol worship

c) Untouchability

d) Polytheism

194 / 575

Category: Pioneer of Indian Journalism:

194. (A) Rammohan Roy's advocacy for Indian journalistic freedom was instrumental in exposing the exploitative policies of British rule, which later influenced nationalist movements.
(R) His journals like 'Samwad Kaumudi' provided a platform for Indians to voice their grievances and engage in political discourse.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

195 / 575

Category: Proposal: Indian judges trying Europeans

195. What was the primary objective of the Ilbert Bill introduced in 1883?

a) To grant Indians the right to vote in British elections

b) To allow Indian judges to try British or European persons in India

c) To impose higher taxes on British traders in India

d) To restrict Indian judges from presiding over any cases involving Europeans

196 / 575

Category: Formation of the Indian National Congress

196. Which of the following best explains why A.O. Hume's involvement in the formation of the Indian National Congress was significant despite being a British official?

a) He provided financial backing but had no ideological influence on the Congress.

b) His status legitimized the INC’s demands in British eyes, reducing suspicion of rebellion.

c) He single-handedly drafted the initial resolutions without Indian input.

d) His authority overrode disagreements between Indian leaders during sessions.

197 / 575

Category: Precursors of the Indian National Congress

197. Which oppressive Acts did the Indian Association launch agitations against during its early years?

a) Salt Act, Rowlatt Act, and Government of India Act

b) Licence Act, Arms Act, and Vernacular Press Act

c) Pitt's India Act, Regulating Act, and Charter Act

d) Indian Councils Act, Ilbert Bill, and Sedition Act

198 / 575

Category: Pioneer of Indian Journalism:

198. What was one of the main objectives of Raja Rammohan Roy's newspapers like 'Samwad Kaumudi' and 'Mirat-ul-Akhbar'?

a) Supporting British colonial policies

b) Promoting religious conversions

c) Exposing the true nature of British rule in India

d) Encouraging isolation from global developments

199 / 575

Category: General aim of British policies

199. (A) The British economic policies in India were designed to benefit Britain at the expense of Indian trade and industry.
(R) The English East India Company used its political power to destroy Indian handicrafts and make India a source of raw materials for British industries.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

200 / 575

Category: Repressive Colonial Policies

200. What was the primary purpose of the Vernacular Press Act introduced by Lord Lytton in 1878?

a) To promote regional languages in India

b) To regulate the circulation of English newspapers

c) To censor content criticizing the British government in vernacular newspapers

d) To encourage Indians to write in their native languages

201 / 575

Category: Journalism and political rights

201. How did the Vernacular Press Act of 1878 specifically aim to suppress nationalist sentiments among Indians?

a) It applied equally to all newspapers regardless of language

b) It imposed heavy taxes on all printing presses

c) It required government approval before publishing any news

d) It forbade vernacular papers from criticizing British policies while exempting English papers

202 / 575

Category: His Approach of Religion:

202. (A) Raja Rammohan Roy founded the Brahmo Samaj to promote monotheism.
(R) The Brahmo Samaj emphasized the worship of a single God and rejected idol worship.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

203 / 575

Category: Founded in London by Dadabhai Naoroji.

203. What was the primary objective of the East India Association founded by Dadabhai Naoroji in 1866?

a) To promote trade relations between Britain and India

b) To provide information on Indian subjects to British citizens and MPs

c) To organize protests against British rule in India

d) To establish educational institutions in India

204 / 575

Category: Socio‑religious reform movements

204. Which of the following social reforms was advocated by Swami Dayanand Saraswati through the Arya Samaj?

a) Abolition of the caste system only

b) Promotion of idol worship

c) Widow remarriage and education for all

d) Establishment of polygamy

205 / 575

Category: Aims of the Congress (initial)

205. The Indian National Congress aimed to develop national unity by transcending which of the following barriers?

a) Caste only

b) Religion only

c) Province only

d) Caste, religion, and province

206 / 575

Category: Social Reforms:

206. Who established the first girls' school in Pune along with his wife Savitribai Phule?

a) Dayanand Saraswati

b) Raja Rammohan Roy

c) Jyotiba Phule

d) Ramakrishna Paramahansa

207 / 575

Category: Socio-Religious Reform Movements

207. (A) Raja Rammohan Roy advocated for the abolition of sati and played a key role in its legal prohibition.
(R) The Brahmo Samaj, founded by Raja Rammohan Roy, emphasized social reforms like widow remarriage and education for women.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

208 / 575

Category: Humanist; unity of all religions

208. What idea did Raja Rammohan Roy advocate in his work *Gift to Monotheists*?

a) Encouraging worship of multiple deities

b) Opposing monotheism

c) Supporting idol worship

d) Advocating worship of a single God

209 / 575

Category: Social Reforms:

209. (A) Raja Rammohan Roy played a significant role in the abolition of the Sati system.
(R) He founded the Brahmo Samaj, which advocated against social evils like Sati and child marriage.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

210 / 575

Category: Bengal British India Society

210. Which aspect of the Bengal British India Society's work most clearly distinguished it from revolutionary groups of the same period?

a) Its advocacy for complete British withdrawal from India

b) Its focus on constitutional methods of protest

c) Its exclusive membership of British officials

d) Its rejection of all Western education systems

211 / 575

Category: Jyotiba Phule (Satya Shodhak Samaj)

211. In his book *Ghulamgiri*, what did Jyotiba Phule describe about the caste structure of India?

a) It praised the caste system as necessary for societal harmony

b) It portrayed the caste structure as an epitome of slavery

c) It suggested reforms only within the framework of the existing caste system

d) It ignored the role of caste in social stratification

212 / 575

Category: Delegation received by Viceroy Lord Dufferin as “distinguished visitors”.

212. (A) The recognition of Indian National Congress delegates as 'distinguished visitors' by Lord Dufferin in 1886 marked the beginning of British acknowledgement of Indian political representation.
(R) The second session of the Indian National Congress in 1886 saw a significant increase in delegates and was presided over by Dadabhai Naoroji.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

213 / 575

Category: Violent European opposition; Defence Association

213. What did the Ilbert Bill controversy highlight about British rule in India?

a) The fairness of British governance

b) The efficiency of British administration

c) The racist attitude of the British

d) The economic policies of the British

214 / 575

Category: President: W.C. Bonnerjee

214. Where was the first session of the Indian National Congress held under the presidentship of W.C. Bonnerjee?

a) Delhi

b) Kolkata

c) Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College, Mumbai

d) Madras

215 / 575

Category: Artisans and craftsmen

215. (A) Artisans and craftsmen played a significant role in the Indian nationalist movement despite their small numbers.
(R) Their economic exploitation under British rule led them to believe that freedom from colonial rule was essential for their economic well-being.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

216 / 575

Category: Aims of the Congress (initial)

216. Which of the following best describes the Indian National Congress's aim regarding national unity in its early years?

a) To prioritize Hindu-Muslim unity over other forms of unity.

b) To focus solely on economic unity among different provinces.

c) To develop national unity without discrimination based on caste or religion.

d) To encourage regional identities over national identity.

217 / 575

Category: Aims and early sessions of the Congress

217. At which session of the Indian National Congress was the resolution for \textit{Poorna Swaraj} adopted?

a) Lucknow Session, 1916

b) Haripura Session, 1938

c) Lahore Session, 1929

d) Belgaum Session, 1924

218 / 575

Category: Indian Association (1876)

218. How did Surendranath Banerjee's leadership contribute to the Indian Association's significance in India's freedom struggle?

a) By advocating violent resistance against British rule

b) Through mobilizing public opinion and organizing protests

c) By focusing solely on education reform

d) By collaborating exclusively with British officials

219 / 575

Category: Provided a model for all‑India political meetings.

219. Why did the All India National Conference merge with the Indian National Congress in 1886?

a) Due to pressure from British authorities

b) Because Surendranath Banerjee switched his allegiance

c) Their shared objectives made consolidation logical

d) To dissolve the Indian National Congress

220 / 575

Category: Landholders’ Society (1838, Calcutta)

220. The Landholders' Society and the East India Association had differing primary objectives. If a British Member of Parliament sought to understand Indian grievances through statistical data and reports, which organization's method would he most likely refer to?

a) Landholders' Society since it dealt with revenue matters

b) Bengal British India Society as it worked closely with British officials

c) East India Association due to its evidence-based advocacy in London

d) Indian National Conference because of its all-India representation

221 / 575

Category: Upliftment of Women:

221. Which reformer demanded rights of inheritance and property for women?

a) Jyotiba Phule

b) Raja Rammohan Roy

c) Swami Dayanand Saraswati

d) Swami Vivekananda

222 / 575

Category: First Session (Bombay, 1885)

222. Who was the first president of the Indian National Congress?

a) Dadabhai Naoroji

b) A.O. Hume

c) W.C. Bonnerjee

d) Badruddin Tyabji

223 / 575

Category: Artisans and craftsmen

223. A historian argues that the political significance of artisans and craftsmen in colonial India was due to their ability to bridge regional divides through shared economic struggles. Which of the following evidence would best support this argument?

a) Records of high wages paid to skilled artisans in certain regions.

b) Documents showing regional festivals celebrated by workers.

c) Minutes from meetings where workers from different regions demanded uniform labor laws.

d) Census data indicating migration patterns of artisans.

224 / 575

Category: Precursors of the Indian National Congress

224. What was the significance of the Indian National Conference (1883) in the context of the Indian National Congress?

a) Modeled after the Indian National Congress but failed to gain popularity

b) Organized mass protests against the Partition of Bengal

c) Served as a model for the Indian National Congress and later merged with it

d) Advocated for complete independence from British rule

225 / 575

Category: Effects on nationalism:

225. What was the primary objective of the Vernacular Press Act (1878)?

a) To promote regional languages in government documents.

b) To censor and control criticism of British policies in Indian-language newspapers.

c) To encourage journalism among Indians.

d) To standardize printing technology across India.

226 / 575

Category: Political Rights:

226. What was the purpose of the Vernacular Press Act of 1878?

a) To promote freedom of speech

b) To encourage Indian journalism

c) To censor and suppress vernacular newspapers

d) To provide financial aid to newspapers

227 / 575

Category: Socio-Religious Reform Movements

227. Raja Rammohan Roy's approach to social reform can best be described as:

a) Combining traditional Hindu philosophy with Christian missionary zeal

b) Complete rejection of Indian traditions in favor of Western modernity

c) Selective adoption of Western ideas while reforming indigenous traditions

d) Revivalist approach seeking return to ancient Vedic practices

228 / 575

Category: Precursors of the Indian National Congress

228. Which organization merged with the Indian National Congress in 1886?

a) East India Association

b) Indian Association

c) Indian National Conference

d) Arya Samaj

229 / 575

Category: Critique of caste rigidity, polygamy, child marriage, purdah

229. Which social reformer founded the Satya Shodhak Samaj to challenge caste-based discrimination and uplift lower castes?

a) Raja Rammohan Roy

b) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

c) Swami Vivekananda

d) Jyotiba Phule

230 / 575

Category: Artisans and craftsmen

230. Despite their small numerical strength, why was the political thinking of the working class significant?

a) They had financial power

b) They represented diverse communities

c) Their factories were located in major cities

d) Their interests covered the whole of India

231 / 575

Category: Formation of the Indian National Congress

231. Where was the first session of the Indian National Congress held after it had to be shifted from Pune due to a plague outbreak?

a) Kolkata

b) Delhi

c) Chennai

d) Mumbai

232 / 575

Category: Artisans and craftsmen

232. (A) The decline of guilds in medieval Europe led to a significant drop in the quality of artisanal products.
(R) Guilds enforced strict quality control measures and standardized production techniques.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

233 / 575

Category: Humanist; unity of all religions

233. Raja Rammohan Roy's *Gift to Monotheists* primarily advocated which of the following religious principles?

a) Worship of multiple gods with rituals

b) Rejection of all religious texts

c) Emphasis on monotheism and rejection of idol worship

d) Advocacy for polytheism in modern Hinduism

234 / 575

Category: Impact of Western education; rational and scientific outlook.

234. What was the main objective of the socio-religious reform movements in India?

a) To promote British rule in India

b) To eliminate social and religious evils and promote rationality

c) To encourage idol worship

d) To establish a new caste system

235 / 575

Category: East India Association:

235. Who founded the East India Association in 1866?

a) Mahatma Gandhi

b) Raja Ram Mohan Roy

c) Dadabhai Naoroji

d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

236 / 575

Category: Indian Association (1876)

236. The Indian Association (1876) aimed to integrate Indians on the basis of which of the following?

a) Economic prosperity

b) Common political interests

c) Regional cultural identities

d) Religious affiliations

237 / 575

Category: Study of Sanskrit, Quran, Bible, Western thought

237. Which book did Raja Rammohan Roy write that advocated the worship of a single God?

a) Tuhfat-ul-Muwahhidin

b) Brahmo Samaj

c) Satyarth Prakash

d) The Vedanta Sutras

238 / 575

Category: Caste and social justice

238. Why did Jyotiba Phule compare the Indian caste structure to slavery in his book *Ghulamgiri*?

a) Because the British treated Indians like slaves.

b) Because upper castes were enslaved by economic policies.

c) Because the caste system denied lower castes dignity and freedom.

d) Because slavery was legally practiced in India during that era.

239 / 575

Category: Repressive Colonial Policies

239. (A) The Grand Delhi Durbar of 1877 was a symbolic representation of British imperial power over India.
(R) The Vernacular Press Act was introduced to suppress nationalist sentiments by controlling Indian-language newspapers.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

240 / 575

Category: Study of Sanskrit, Quran, Bible, Western thought

240. Rammohan Roy's establishment of the Atmiya Sabha in 1814 was primarily aimed at challenging which aspect of contemporary religious practice?

a) Expansion of temple construction

b) Preservation of polytheistic traditions

c) Elimination of idolatry and ritualism

d) Promotion of Hebrew scriptural studies

241 / 575

Category: General aim of British policies

241. How did British policies affect Indian handicrafts?

a) They flourished under British rule

b) They remained unaffected

c) They were systematically destroyed

d) They became the backbone of the economy

242 / 575

Category: Effects on nationalism:

242. Which act restricted vernacular newspapers from criticizing the British government while exempting English papers?

a) Indian Arms Act (1878)

b) Ilbert Bill (1883)

c) Vernacular Press Act (1878)

d) Reduction in Age Limit for Civil Services

243 / 575

Category: Educated Indians

243. (A) The educated Indians played a pivotal role in the growth of nationalism in India by uniting different sections of society against British rule.
(R) They were frustrated by limited employment opportunities and racial discrimination under British policies, which motivated them to seek India's independence.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

244 / 575

Category: Educated Indians

244. What realization did educated Indians have about British rule in India?

a) British rule was beneficial for India's industrial growth

b) British rule helped in preserving Indian culture

c) British rule was exploitative and hindered India's economic salvation

d) British rule promoted equality among Indians

245 / 575

Category: Artisans and craftsmen

245. The growth of trade and commerce in India led to the emergence of which new social class?

a) Peasants

b) Factory workers

c) Landlords

d) Merchants

246 / 575

Category: Social Justice for Lower Castes:

246. If Savitribai Phule wanted to create maximum social impact for oppressed communities in 19th century India, which dual approach would align with Jyotiba Phule's principles?

a) Establishing trade schools for artisans and farmers

b) Running separate hostels for untouchable men and women

c) Creating schools for lower-caste girls while challenging caste norms

d) Organizing protests against British education policies

247 / 575

Category: Humanist; unity of all religions

247. Which of the following best describes Raja Rammohan Roy's approach to religion?

a) Advocating polytheism and idol worship

b) Stressing the unity of all religions and monotheism

c) Promoting division among religious sects

d) Rejecting all forms of spiritual practices

248 / 575

Category: Critique of caste rigidity, polygamy, child marriage, purdah

248. What primary method did reformers propose to combat child marriage in the 19th century?

a) Legal enforcement of age restrictions

b) Promotion of religious reforms

c) Encouraging early economic independence

d) Education for girls

249 / 575

Category: Provided a model for all‑India political meetings.

249. What distinguished the All India National Conference from earlier political efforts before 1883?

a) It was funded entirely by British officials

b) It focused solely on economic reforms excluding political issues

c) It was the first attempt to unite political leaders nationwide

d) It immediately achieved Swaraj (self-rule)

250 / 575

Category: Factors leading to the growth of nationalism

250. Which event during Lord Lytton's viceroyalty became a turning point in uniting Indians against British rule, and how did the press contribute to this reaction?

a) The partition of Bengal united Indians, while the press supported British policies.

b) The Delhi Durbar highlighted British insensitivity, and the press amplified public discontent.

c) The press ignored the Durbar event, focusing only on economic issues.

d) The Durbar celebrated Indian culture, and the press praised British rule.

251 / 575

Category: Humanist; unity of all religions

251. Which of the following was NOT a social reform advocated by Raja Rammohan Roy?

a) Abolition of sati

b) Condemnation of polygamy

c) Support for child marriages

d) Advocacy for women's inheritance rights

252 / 575

Category: Jyotiba Phule:

252. (A) Jyotiba Phule established the first girls' school in Pune to ensure women's superiority over men.
(R) He believed that education was essential for women to maintain their elevated status in society.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

253 / 575

Category: Critique of caste rigidity, polygamy, child marriage, purdah

253. Savitribai Phule's work challenged both child marriage and the purdah system. What unique strategy did she employ that affected both these practices simultaneously?

a) Organizing mass protests against parents who practiced child marriage

b) Establishing schools for girls which challenged both practices simultaneously

c) Writing petitions to the British government for legal reforms

d) Creating separate women's organizations for each cause

254 / 575

Category: Journalism and political rights

254. Which key demand by Rammohan Roy reflected his advocacy for judicial reforms in colonial India?

a) Establishment of military courts for faster trials

b) Complete abolition of the British legal system in India

c) Separation of executive and judiciary powers with equal treatment

d) Mandatory use of English in all court proceedings

255 / 575

Category: Violent European opposition; Defence Association

255. Which of the following best describes the broader significance of the European Defence Association's campaign against the Ilbert Bill?

a) It showcased British efforts to modernize India's legal system

b) It demonstrated the harmonious relationship between British and Indian elites

c) It exposed British racial prejudice and united Indians against colonial rule

d) It promoted European cultural superiority over Indian traditions

256 / 575

Category: President: Dadabhai Naoroji

256. What was Dadabhai Naoroji's primary contribution during his presidency of the Indian National Congress in 1886?

a) He advocated for violent resistance against British rule.

b) He initiated the Non-Cooperation Movement.

c) He voiced Indian grievances and emphasized economic exploitation.

d) He established a separate political party for India.

257 / 575

Category: Precursors of the Indian National Congress

257. How did the Indian National Conference differ from the Indian Association in terms of its influence before merging with the Congress?

a) It was an international organization with branches abroad

b) It directly led the Revolt of 1857

c) It served as a provincial model for the Congress but had limited nationwide reach

d) It exclusively focused on economic reforms

258 / 575

Category: Critique of caste rigidity, polygamy, child marriage, purdah

258. Which social reformer actively campaigned against polygamy and advocated for monogamy?

a) Jyotiba Phule

b) Savitribai Phule

c) Raja Rammohan Roy

d) Gopal Krishna Gokhale

259 / 575

Category: High land revenue and other taxes

259. (A) The high land revenue and other taxes imposed by the British were primary factors that led to widespread economic distress among Indian peasants.
(R) These oppressive fiscal policies highlighted the exploitative nature of colonial rule and played a crucial role in uniting various sections of society against British rule.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

260 / 575

Category: Delegation received by Viceroy Lord Dufferin as “distinguished visitors”.

260. What was the significance of Dadabhai Naoroji presiding over the 1886 Congress session in relation to Lord Dufferin’s reception of delegates as "distinguished visitors"?

a) It demonstrated the British willingness to negotiate directly with Congress leaders

b) It reflected the British strategy to co-opt Congress leadership without granting formal recognition

c) It showed the Congress's alignment with extremist revolutionary ideals

d) It indicated the failure of the Congress to attract elite participation

261 / 575

Category: East India Association (1866)

261. The East India Association is historically significant because it:

a) Was the first organization to demand complete independence from Britain

b) Strengthened early nationalist movement through diplomatic advocacy and unity

c) Exclusively focused on cultural revival without political involvement

d) Opposed all forms of cooperation with the British government

262 / 575

Category: Grand Delhi Durbar (1877) during famine

262. How did the Grand Delhi Durbar of 1877 affect Indian sentiment towards British rule?

a) It strengthened loyalty to the British Crown

b) It had no significant impact

c) It increased support for British policies

d) It reinforced anti-colonial sentiments

263 / 575

Category: Formation of the Indian National Congress

263. Which of the following was NOT one of the initial aims of the Indian National Congress as declared by W.C. Bonnerjee in 1885?

a) To promote friendly relations between nationalist political workers

b) To develop and consolidate feelings of national unity

c) To advocate violent methods to achieve freedom from British rule

d) To formulate popular demands and present them before the government

264 / 575

Category: Repressive Colonial Policies

264. Why did the British community oppose the Ilbert Bill proposed in 1883?

a) It increased taxes on British traders

b) It reduced the power of British officials

c) It allowed Indian judges to try British individuals

d) It removed British control over the judiciary

265 / 575

Category: High land revenue and other taxes

265. On what basis is land revenue typically assessed?

a) Annual rainfall in the region

b) Size of land holdings \farmer’s income from other sources

c) Number of crops grown per year

266 / 575

Category: High land revenue and other taxes

266. What is the primary purpose of land revenue?

a) A type of subsidy given to farmers

b) A tax collected from landowners by the government

c) A fee paid for using irrigation facilities

d) A grant given for land development

267 / 575

Category: Indian Arms Act (1878)

267. Why was the Indian Arms Act of 1878 considered discriminatory?

a) It imposed higher taxes on Indians

b) It banned all firearms ownership

c) It applied only to Indians and not the British

d) It restricted arms only in urban areas

268 / 575

Category: Promote Hindu–Muslim unity.

268. Who was a key leader in promoting Hindu–Muslim unity during India's freedom struggle by advocating for communal harmony?

a) Bhagat Singh

b) Subhas Chandra Bose

c) Mahatma Gandhi

d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

269 / 575

Category: East India Association:

269. In which Indian cities did the East India Association establish its branches?

a) Delhi, Hyderabad, Bangalore

b) Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai

c) Pune, Ahmedabad, Lucknow

d) Patna, Jaipur, Chandigarh

270 / 575

Category: Factors leading to the growth of nationalism

270. Who among the following reformers emphasized the role of women in society and promoted ideas of social justice, contributing to the growth of nationalism in India?

a) Lord Lytton

b) Dadabhai Naoroji

c) Jyotiba Phule

d) Surendranath Banerjee

271 / 575

Category: Proposal: Indian judges trying Europeans

271. How did the British react to the Ilbert Bill?

a) They welcomed it wholeheartedly

b) They ignored it completely

c) They protested and formed a Defence Association

d) They proposed amendments to improve it

272 / 575

Category: Factors leading to the growth of nationalism

272. Which act introduced by Lord Lytton prohibited Indians from possessing arms without a license while exempting Europeans?

a) Vernacular Press Act

b) Ilbert Bill

c) Arms Act

d) Grand Delhi Durbar Act

273 / 575

Category: Artisans and craftsmen

273. The growth of trade and commerce in India during the colonial period led to the emergence of a new social class. Despite being numerically small, this group had a disproportionate impact on the political landscape. Which of the following best explains why their political influence was significant despite their limited numbers?

a) Their high literacy rates allowed them to articulate demands effectively.

b) They owned large amounts of land, giving them economic leverage.

c) Their concentrated urban presence and shared grievances created unified political action.

d) They received direct support from British authorities to counterbalance other groups.

274 / 575

Category: Critique of caste rigidity, polygamy, child marriage, purdah

274. The Age of Consent Act of 1891 set the minimum age for marriage for girls at:

a) 10 years

b) 12 years

c) 14 years

d) 16 years

275 / 575

Category: President: Dadabhai Naoroji

275. Why is Dadabhai Naoroji often referred to as the "Grand Old Man of India"?

a) Because he was the oldest delegate at the Congress session.

b) Due to his role in initiating the Quit India Movement.

c) For his contributions to Indian literature and philosophy.

d) For his leadership and early advocacy for Indian rights.

276 / 575

Category: Promote Hindu–Muslim unity.

276. Which festival is celebrated jointly by Hindus and Muslims as a symbol of communal harmony in some parts of India?

a) Diwali

b) Eid-ul-Fitr

c) Holi

d) Urs

277 / 575

Category: Inclusion of women as potential political participants.

277. Who established one of the first girls' schools in Pune along with his wife Savitribai Phule?

a) Raja Ram Mohan Roy

b) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

c) Jyotiba Phule

d) Swami Vivekananda

278 / 575

Category: His Approach of Religion:

278. What was one of the main objectives of the Brahmo Samaj founded by Raja Rammohan Roy?

a) Encouragement of idol worship

b) Propagation of polytheistic beliefs

c) Condemnation of all religious practices

d) Promotion of monotheism and opposition to idol worship

279 / 575

Category: Political Rights:

279. (A) The socio-religious reform movements led by Jyotiba Phule and Raja Rammohan Roy were primarily responsible for the growth of Indian nationalism in the 19th century.
(R) These reformers challenged oppressive social structures like caste discrimination and advocated for political rights such as judicial equality, which laid the foundation for unified national consciousness.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

280 / 575

Category: Promote Hindu–Muslim unity.

280. Which prominent leader advocated for Hindu–Muslim unity by initiating the Khilafat Movement alongside the Non-Cooperation Movement?

a) Jawaharlal Nehru

b) Subhas Chandra Bose

c) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

d) Mahatma Gandhi

281 / 575

Category: Factors leading to the growth of nationalism

281. (A) The economic exploitation by the British contributed to the growth of nationalism in India.
(R) Peasants, artisans, and workers faced heavy taxes, destruction of industries, and exploitation, leading to a shared desire for freedom.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

282 / 575

Category: Indian National Conference (1883)

282. With which organization did the Indian National Conference merge in December 1886?

a) The Muslim League

b) The Indian National Congress

c) The Swaraj Party

d) The Home Rule Movement

283 / 575

Category: Precursors of the Indian National Congress

283. Why did Dadabhai Naoroji establish branches of the East India Association in Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai?

a) To coordinate military resistance against the British

b) To decentralize the association’s activities across key regions for wider impact

c) To replace existing educational institutions

d) To collect taxes for the British government

284 / 575

Category: East India Association:

284. (A) The East India Association aimed to represent Indian interests by providing accurate information to British citizens and Parliamentarians.
(R) Dadabhai Naoroji believed that the British were inherently just and would address Indian grievances if made aware of the true state of affairs in India.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

285 / 575

Category: East India Association:

285. (A) The East India Association aimed to expose the British public and Parliament to the true state of affairs in India to seek redressal for Indian grievances.
(R) Dadabhai Naoroji believed that the British were inherently just and could be persuaded to address Indian issues if informed correctly.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

286 / 575

Category: Indian Arms Act (1878)

286. What was one of the main reasons for introducing the Indian Arms Act of 1878?

a) To promote industrialization

b) To encourage hunting sports

c) To suppress potential uprisings

d) To regulate trade

287 / 575

Category: High land revenue and other taxes

287. Which of the following is NOT a common type of land-related tax?

a) Property tax

b) Agricultural land revenue

c) Capital gains tax on land sale

d) Sales tax

288 / 575

Category: East India Association:

288. Where were the branches of the East India Association located?

a) Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru

b) Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai

c) Lahore, Karachi, Dhaka

d) Hyderabad, Pune, Ahmedabad

289 / 575

Category: Educated Indians

289. Which organization did many educated Indians join to articulate the demands of the people against British policies?

a) All India Muslim League

b) Indian National Congress

c) Swaraj Party

d) Hindu Mahasabha

290 / 575

Category: Grand Delhi Durbar (1877) during famine

290. Why was the Grand Delhi Durbar of 1877 criticized despite its grandeur?

a) It caused a political uprising

b) It led to increased taxes

c) It ignored the ongoing famine crisis

d) It disrupted trade routes

291 / 575

Category: President: Dadabhai Naoroji

291. In which year did Dadabhai Naoroji preside over the Indian National Congress session held in Kolkata?

a) 1885

b) 1886

c) 1907

d) 1911

292 / 575

Category: Landholders’ Society (1838, Calcutta)

292. When analyzing why early political associations failed to become national platforms before 1885, which factor demonstrates SECOND-ORDER consequences of their structural choices?

a) Exclusive reliance on English-educated elites

b) Failure to merge regional economic agendas

c) Frequent clashes between moderate and extremist leaders

d) Inadequate funding from Indian merchants

293 / 575

Category: Educated Indians

293. Why did educated Indians grow dissatisfied with British rule in the 19th century?

a) Due to excessive taxation

b) Because they were denied voting rights

c) As British policies kept India economically backward

d) Due to religious restrictions

294 / 575

Category: Artisans and craftsmen

294. Consider the following statements about the artisans and craftsmen in colonial India:
1. They formed a majority of the population but lacked political representation.
2. Their exploitation by factory owners shaped their collective identity.
3. Their geographical concentration in cities facilitated broader political mobilization.

Which of the statements are correct?

a) Only 1 and 2

b) Only 2 and 3

c) Only 1 and 3

d) All three statements

295 / 575

Category: Rise of many English and vernacular newspapers

295. Why was the Vernacular Press Act (1878) introduced by Lord Lytton?

a) To promote the growth of vernacular newspapers

b) To ensure freedom of speech for all newspapers

c) To control and suppress nationalist sentiments in vernacular newspapers

d) To encourage competition between English and vernacular newspapers

296 / 575

Category: His Approach of Religion:

296. In his work "Gift to Monotheists," what was Raja Rammohan Roy's primary argument?

a) Support for polytheism in Hinduism

b) Rejection of all religious texts

c) Advocacy for the worship of a single God based on ancient Hindu texts

d) Promotion of idol worship

297 / 575

Category: Political Rights:

297. (A) Raja Rammohan Roy demanded separation of the executive and the judiciary in India.
(R) He believed that this separation would prevent abuse of power and ensure justice for Indians.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

298 / 575

Category: Upliftment of Women:

298. (A) Jyotiba Phule established schools for girls and untouchables in the 19th century.
(R) He believed education was essential for empowering women and marginalized communities.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

299 / 575

Category: President: Dadabhai Naoroji

299. Under whose presidentship was the second session of the Indian National Congress held in 1886?

a) W.C. Bonnerjee

b) Dadabhai Naoroji

c) Lord Dufferin

d) Bipin Chandra Pal

300 / 575

Category: Promote Hindu–Muslim unity.

300. What was one of the key initiatives to promote Hindu-Muslim unity during the freedom struggle?

a) Quit India Movement

b) Non-Cooperation Movement

c) Khilafat Movement

d) Swadeshi Movement

301 / 575

Category: Effects the of Socio-religious Reform Movements on Growth of Nationalism

301. What did Swami Vivekananda and Swami Dayanand emphasize to boost national pride?

a) The inferiority of Indian traditions

b) The need for Westernization

c) The superiority of Indian culture and civilization

d) The rejection of all religious practices

302 / 575

Category: Economic exploitation

302. What role did socio-religious reform movements play in fostering nationalism in 19th-century India?

a) They reinforced caste hierarchies to maintain order.

b) They discouraged political participation among lower castes.

c) They focused solely on religious conversions.

d) They promoted social equality and unity against oppression.

303 / 575

Category: East India Association:

303. Which of the following best describes the primary goal of the East India Association in relation to British authorities?

a) To promote British trade interests in India

b) To advocate for complete Indian independence

c) To educate Indians about British culture

d) To present Indian grievances and suggest solutions to British authorities

304 / 575

Category: Economic exploitation

304. Which of the following best describes the impact of the Vernacular Press Act (1878) on the nationalist movement in India?

a) It promoted British control over English newspapers only.

b) It led to the immediate decline of all Indian newspapers.

c) It exempted British-owned newspapers from any regulations.

d) It restricted vernacular newspapers from criticizing British policies.

305 / 575

Category: First Session (Bombay, 1885)

305. Why was the first session of the Indian National Congress shifted from Pune to Bombay in 1885?

a) Lack of suitable infrastructure in Pune

b) Political unrest in Pune

c) A plague outbreak forced the change of venue

d) British government's directive to move it to Bombay

306 / 575

Category: Inclusion of women as potential political participants.

306. What role did newspapers and magazines play in empowering women during the reform movements?

a) Promoting traditional roles

b) Spreading awareness about women's rights

c) Supporting caste discrimination

d) Opposing modern education

307 / 575

Category: Aims of the Congress (initial)

307. At which session of the Indian National Congress was the National Anthem, "Jana Gana Mana," sung for the first time?

a) 23rd Session (Surat)

b) 26th Session (Kolkata)

c) 31st Session (Lucknow)

d) 39th Session (Belgaum)

308 / 575

Category: Indian National Conference (1883)

308. What was one of the main objectives of the Indian National Conference?

a) Promote British rule in India

b) Divide Indians based on caste and religion

c) Promote friendly relations among nationalist workers

d) Support only regional political parties

309 / 575

Category: Social Justice for Lower Castes:

309. Who founded the Satya Shodhak Samaj in 1873 to secure social justice for the weaker sections of society?

a) Mahatma Gandhi

b) Raja Ram Mohan Roy

c) Jyotiba Phule

d) Swami Vivekananda

310 / 575

Category: Repressive Colonial Policies

310. What was the significance of the backlash against the Ilbert Bill (1883) in the context of British colonial policies?

a) It led to immediate reforms granting Indians equal representation in all administrative posts

b) British officials supported the bill as it aligned with their policy of fair governance

c) The backlash exposed British hypocrisy, reinforcing Indian distrust of colonial justice

d) The bill was passed successfully, ensuring racial equality in judicial proceedings

311 / 575

Category: Precursors of the Indian National Congress

311. What was the common objective shared by both the East India Association and the Indian Association in their early years?

a) To organize mass protests against British rule

b) To create awareness about Indian grievances and promote political unity

c) To establish independent governance in India

d) To advocate for complete British withdrawal from India

312 / 575

Category: Provided a model for all‑India political meetings.

312. What was one of the main purposes of the Indian National Conference?

a) To oppose British rule through violent means

b) To provide a framework for nationwide political gatherings

c) To establish trade relations with Britain

d) To promote religious reforms exclusively

313 / 575

Category: Violent European opposition; Defence Association

313. What was the primary reason for the formation of the European Defence Association in response to the Ilbert Bill?

a) To support the Ilbert Bill and promote judicial equality

b) To advocate for complete Indian independence from British rule

c) To defend the special privileges of Europeans in India

d) To encourage cultural exchange between British and Indian judges

314 / 575

Category: Artisans and craftsmen

314. Why were artisans and craftsmen politically significant despite their small numbers during the colonial period?

a) Their economic prosperity reduced unrest.

b) Their workplaces were concentrated in rural areas.

c) Their political thinking was significant, contributing to nationalism.

d) They supported British policies actively.

315 / 575

Category: Aims and early sessions of the Congress

315. Which of the following was NOT one of the primary aims declared by W.C. Bonnerjee in the first session of the Indian National Congress?

a) Advocating violent revolution to overthrow British rule

b) Promoting friendly relations among nationalist political workers

c) Developing a feeling of national unity irrespective of caste or religion

d) Formulating popular demands to present before the government

316 / 575

Category: Precursors of the Indian National Congress

316. Which organization merged with the Indian National Congress in 1886 due to shared objectives?

a) East India Association

b) Indian Association

c) Bombay Presidency Association

d) Indian National Conference

317 / 575

Category: Raja Rammohan Roy:

317. Raja Rammohan Roy advocated for which type of religious belief?

a) Polytheism

b) Atheism

c) Monotheism

d) Pantheism

318 / 575

Category: Indian Arms Act (1878)

318. Under the Indian Arms Act of 1878, who was exempted from needing a license to carry arms?

a) Only Indian soldiers

b) British citizens in India

c) Indian zamindars (landowners)

d) Government officials regardless of nationality

319 / 575

Category: Precursors of the Indian National Congress

319. What were the main objectives of the Indian Association established in 1876?

a) Promote British rule in India

b) Establish a separate state for Muslims

c) Create public opinion and foster Hindu-Muslim unity

d) Advocate for complete independence from Britain

320 / 575

Category: Inclusion of women as potential political participants.

320. Which social practice was condemned by reformers to ensure women's freedom and dignity?

a) Child marriage

b) Voting rights

c) Right to education

d) Employment opportunities

321 / 575

Category: Repressive Colonial Policies

321. Under the Indian Arms Act of 1878, what restriction was imposed on Indians regarding weapons?

a) Indians were banned from using any kind of weapon

b) Indians could carry arms only with a license

c) Indians were allowed to manufacture their own weapons

d) Indians were forced to surrender all weapons to the British

322 / 575

Category: Violent European opposition; Defence Association

322. What was the primary reason behind the violent European opposition to the Ilbert Bill in 1883?

a) To promote equality between Indian and British judges

b) To restrict trade opportunities for Indians

c) To abolish the British judicial system in India

d) To impose harsher taxes on European traders

323 / 575

Category: Humanist; unity of all religions

323. What was the primary belief of Brahmo Samaj founded by Raja Rammohan Roy?

a) Worship of multiple deities and rituals

b) Monotheism and rejection of idol worship

c) Promotion of caste-based divisions

d) Emphasis on polytheism and traditional customs

324 / 575

Category: Founded in London by Dadabhai Naoroji.

324. In which cities were branches of the East India Association established besides London?

a) Delhi, Hyderabad, Bangalore

b) Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai

c) Pune, Ahmedabad, Surat

d) Lucknow, Patna, Jaipur

325 / 575

Category: Precursors of the Indian National Congress

325. Who founded the East India Association in 1866 and what was its primary objective?

a) Founded by Surendranath Banerjee; aimed at promoting Hindu-Muslim unity

b) Founded by Dadabhai Naoroji; aimed at providing information on Indian subjects to British citizens and MPs

c) Founded by A.O. Hume; aimed at organizing mass protests against British rule

d) Founded by W.C. Bonnerjee; aimed at integrating Indians politically

326 / 575

Category: Bengal British India Society

326. What was one of the main objectives of the Bengal British India Society?

a) To support British colonial policies

b) To advocate for the rights and interests of Indians

c) To establish a separate Indian state

d) To promote religious conversions

327 / 575

Category: Proposal: Indian judges trying Europeans

327. What was the immediate British response to the introduction of the Ilbert Bill?

a) They welcomed the bill as a progressive reform.

b) They launched violent protests across major cities in India.

c) They formed a Defence Association to protect their legal privileges.

d) They immediately withdrew all British judges from India.

328 / 575

Category: Pioneer of Indian Journalism:

328. How did the Indian press contribute to the growth of national consciousness during the British rule?

a) By supporting British economic policies unconditionally.

b) By promoting regional divides instead of national unity.

c) By avoiding discussions on political issues to prevent censorship.

d) By spreading patriotic ideas and criticizing colonial injustices.

329 / 575

Category: First Session (Bombay, 1885)

329. Who among the following suggested the name "Indian National Congress" for the organization formed in 1885?

a) A.O. Hume

b) W.C. Bonnerjee

c) Pherozeshah Mehta

d) Dadabhai Naoroji

330 / 575

Category: Rise of many English and vernacular newspapers

330. How did the Indian press contribute to the national movement during British rule by exposing the policies of the British government?

a) By promoting only regional languages and ignoring English newspapers.

b) By censoring news that criticized British policies to avoid conflicts.

c) By carrying daily criticism of unjust British policies and exposing their exploitative rule.

d) By supporting British reforms without questioning their motives or outcomes.

331 / 575

Category: Delegation received by Viceroy Lord Dufferin as “distinguished visitors”.

331. In which year did Viceroy Lord Dufferin receive delegates of the Indian National Congress as "distinguished visitors"?

a) 1885

b) 1886

c) 1887

d) 1888

332 / 575

Category: Inclusion of women as potential political participants.

332. Which of the following best describes the indirect impact of the widow remarriage movement on women's political participation?

a) It directly led to women holding political office

b) It reinforced traditional gender roles in politics

c) It created awareness about women's rights and their role in society

d) It discouraged women from participating in political activities

333 / 575

Category: Effects the of Socio-religious Reform Movements on Growth of Nationalism

333. Who was the first to use the word 'Swaraj' and raise the slogan 'India for the Indians'?

a) Raja Ram Mohan Roy

b) Swami Vivekananda

c) Swami Dayanand Saraswati

d) Jyotiba Phule

334 / 575

Category: Founded in London by Dadabhai Naoroji.

334. What was Dadabhai Naoroji's fundamental belief regarding the British that influenced his approach in founding the East India Association?

a) That the British were oppressive and needed to be overthrown

b) That the British were ignorant of Indian culture

c) That the British were fundamentally just and good

d) That the British were indifferent to Indian welfare

335 / 575

Category: Effects the of Socio-religious Reform Movements on Growth of Nationalism

335. (A) The socio-religious reform movements played a significant role in fostering Indian nationalism by promoting unity and condemning social evils.
(R) These movements criticized untouchability, caste system, and British domination while advocating for women's empowerment and cultural pride.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

336 / 575

Category: Pioneer of Indian Journalism:

336. How did the Indian press contribute to the national movement during the later half of the 19th century?

a) By promoting only British culture and ideals

b) By discouraging political movements

c) By isolating India from global affairs

d) By spreading ideas of patriotism and criticizing British policies

337 / 575

Category: His Approach of Religion:

337. Which organization did Raja Rammohan Roy establish to promote monotheism and reject idol worship?

a) Arya Samaj

b) Atmiya Sabha

c) Brahmo Samaj

d) Prarthana Samaj

338 / 575

Category: Impact of Western education; rational and scientific outlook.

338. Which social evil was abolished due to the efforts of reformers influenced by Western education?

a) Child labor in factories.

b) Sati (widow immolation).

c) The varna system.

d) The use of English language in courts.

339 / 575

Category: Pioneer of Indian Journalism:

339. Who is considered the pioneer of Indian journalism and started the Bengali weekly 'Samwad Kaumudi'?

a) Mahatma Gandhi

b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

c) Dadabhai Naoroji

d) Raja Rammohan Roy

340 / 575

Category: Founded in London by Dadabhai Naoroji.

340. What was one of the main objectives of the East India Association?

a) To promote British colonialism in India

b) To advocate for complete independence from British rule

c) To provide accurate information about India to the British public and Parliament

d) To establish a separate state for Indians in Britain

341 / 575

Category: Delegation received by Viceroy Lord Dufferin as “distinguished visitors”.

341. What was the significance of Viceroy Lord Dufferin receiving the Indian National Congress delegates as "distinguished visitors"?

a) It signified full support of the British to the Congress demands

b) It marked the beginning of violent protests against British rule

c) It reflected early interaction between Congress and British administration

d) It indicated the British acceptance of complete independence for India

342 / 575

Category: Inclusion of women as potential political participants.

342. What was the primary objective of Jyotiba Phule and Savitribai Phule in establishing girls' schools in Pune during the 19th century?

a) To promote traditional religious teachings among women

b) To restrict women's roles to domestic chores only

c) To liberate women from oppressive practices and empower them through education

d) To discourage women from participating in political activities

343 / 575

Category: Impact of Western education; rational and scientific outlook.

343. What was a key religious reform advocated by the Brahmo Samaj and Arya Samaj movements?

a) Promotion of polytheism and multiple deities.

b) Rejection of all forms of religious worship.

c) Emphasis on monotheism and rejection of idol worship.

d) Advocacy for caste-based religious practices.

344 / 575

Category: His Approach of Religion:

344. What was the primary objective of the Atmiya Sabha founded by Raja Rammohan Roy in 1814?

a) To encourage idol worship as a means of spiritual growth

b) To translate the Bible into Indian languages

c) To oppose idol worship and advocate rational religious practices

d) To establish a new polytheistic religion

345 / 575

Category: Indian Association (1876)

345. Who was the prominent leader of the Indian Association (1876)?

a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

b) Dadabhai Naoroji

c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale

d) Surendranath Banerjee

346 / 575

Category: Jyotiba Phule:

346. Which major reform movement was pioneered by Jyotiba Phule in Maharashtra to address the hardships faced by widows?

a) The abolition of child marriage

b) The prohibition of sati

c) The promotion of inter-caste marriages

d) The widow remarriage movement

347 / 575

Category: Social Reforms:

347. Jyotiba Phule and Savitribai Phule opened schools for girls and untouchables in Pune. What broader socio-political impact did this initiative have on 19th-century India?

a) It resulted in immediate government funding for all vernacular schools.

b) It established Pune as the capital of British India temporarily.

c) It created a new religious sect that replaced Hinduism completely.

d) It demonstrated education as a means for oppressed communities to challenge social hierarchies.

348 / 575

Category: Economic exploitation

348. Which group suffered the most due to high land revenue and taxes imposed by the British, pushing them into the clutches of moneylenders?

a) Industrial workers

b) Educated Indians

c) Craftsmen

d) Peasants

349 / 575

Category: Social Reforms:

349. The formation of Satya Shodhak Samaj by Jyotiba Phule had an unexpected long-term consequence on India's freedom struggle. What was this indirect impact?

a) It immediately abolished the zamindari system across Maharashtra.

b) Its anti-Brahmanical stance inadvertently fueled critiques of colonial-collaborator elites in nationalist discourse.

c) It transformed Bombay Presidency into an independent state before 1857.

d) It replaced English education with Marathi-medium schools nationwide.

350 / 575

Category: Raja Rammohan Roy:

350. Raja Rammohan Roy played a pivotal role in the abolition of a particular social evil through his persistent efforts. Which law was passed as a direct result of his campaign?

a) Prohibition of Child Marriage Act

b) Widow Remarriage Act

c) Bengal Sati Regulation of 1829

d) Caste Disabilities Removal Act

351 / 575

Category: Pioneer of Indian Journalism:

351. Which of the following best describes Raja Rammohan Roy’s role in Indian journalism and social reform during the British colonial period?

a) He primarily focused on religious reforms and ignored political issues.

b) He used journalism to promote British colonial policies without criticism.

c) He advocated for social and political reforms through newspapers and public agitation.

d) He solely worked for the upliftment of lower castes without engaging in journalism.

352 / 575

Category: Aims of the Congress (initial)

352. What was one of the primary aims of the Indian National Congress as declared by W.C. Bonnerjee during its first session?

a) To establish a parallel government against British rule.

b) To demand immediate independence from British rule.

c) To promote friendly relations among nationalist political workers across India.

d) To advocate for the partition of India along religious lines.

353 / 575

Category: Promote Hindu–Muslim unity.

353. What measure has been most effective in reducing communal riots in recent years?

a) Banning religious processions

b) Mandatory military service

c) Promoting mixed neighborhoods and joint festivals

d) Restricting social media during festivals

354 / 575

Category: General aim of British policies

354. What was a major consequence of British policies that led to the decline of traditional Indian handicrafts?

a) Rapid urbanization and growth of factory-based industries in India

b) Increased wages for Indian artisans due to high demand abroad

c) Decline of local craft industries and mass unemployment of artisans

d) Technological advancements in Indian textile manufacturing

355 / 575

Category: East India Association:

355. (A) The East India Association was founded to voice Indian grievances in Britain.
(R) Dadabhai Naoroji believed that the British were just and wanted them to address Indian problems.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

356 / 575

Category: Promote Hindu–Muslim unity.

356. Which policy was introduced by the British colonial government to create divisions between Hindus and Muslims in India?

a) Non-Cooperation Movement

b) Civil Disobedience Movement

c) Divide and Rule policy

d) Swadeshi Movement

357 / 575

Category: Formation of the Indian National Congress

357. Which of the following was NOT an aim of the Indian National Congress as stated in its first session?

a) To promote friendly relations among nationalist political workers

b) To develop and consolidate national unity

c) To organize armed rebellion against British rule

d) To formulate popular demands and present them before the government

358 / 575

Category: Effects the of Socio-religious Reform Movements on Growth of Nationalism

358. (A) The socio-religious reform movements played a crucial role in shaping nationalist sentiment by promoting social equality and rational thinking.
(R) These movements challenged colonial domination by advocating for 'Swaraj' and fostering unity among Indians against British rule.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

359 / 575

Category: Socio-Religious Reform Movements

359. Jyotiba Phule's Satya Shodhak Samaj differed from other reform movements primarily in its:

a) Rejection of all forms of Western education

b) Exclusive focus on Brahminical reforms

c) Radical opposition to British rule as its primary objective

d) Emphasis on empowering lower castes and women from marginalized groups

360 / 575

Category: Provided a model for all‑India political meetings.

360. Who convened the All India National Conference in 1883?

a) Dadabhai Naoroji

b) Gopal Krishna Gokhale

c) Surendranath Banerjee

d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

361 / 575

Category: Political Rights:

361. Raja Rammohan Roy’s demand for the Indianisation of superior services was primarily aimed at:

a) Establishing a complete separation of powers between Indian and British officials.

b) Ensuring that only Indian judges could preside over cases involving Indians.

c) Reducing British monopolization of high-ranking administrative positions.

d) Introducing a quota system for lower castes in government jobs.

362 / 575

Category: Factors leading to the growth of nationalism

362. How did newspapers like *Amrit Bazar Patrika* contribute to the growth of nationalism in India?

a) By publishing only government-approved news

b) By promoting British industrial interests

c) By criticizing British policies and spreading nationalist ideas

d) By discouraging public participation in politics

363 / 575

Category: Aims and early sessions of the Congress

363. In which year did the Indian National Congress split into two factions at its Surat Session?

a) 1905

b) 1906

c) 1907

d) 1908

364 / 575

Category: Grand Delhi Durbar (1877) during famine

364. What was the primary purpose of the Grand Delhi Durbar of 1877?

a) To announce Indian independence

b) To celebrate a military victory

c) To inaugurate a new railway line

d) To proclaim Queen Victoria as the Empress of India

365 / 575

Category: Study of Sanskrit, Quran, Bible, Western thought

365. Raja Rammohan Roy studied the Quran in which languages to understand its original text?

a) Persian and Sanskrit

b) Arabic and Hebrew

c) Persian and Arabic

d) Greek and Hebrew

366 / 575

Category: Social Justice for Lower Castes:

366. What was the primary objective of Jyotiba Phule in founding the Satya Shodhak Samaj in 1873?

a) To promote British colonial policies in India.

b) To advocate for the revival of Vedic traditions.

c) To secure social justice for marginalized communities.

d) To establish a new religion.

367 / 575

Category: His Approach of Religion:

367. What was the central belief of Raja Rammohan Roy as expressed in his work *Gift to Monotheists*?

a) Worship of multiple Gods

b) Idol worship

c) Worship of a single God

d) Rejection of all religions

368 / 575

Category: Jyotiba Phule (Satya Shodhak Samaj)

368. Who co-founded one of the first girls' schools in Pune along with Jyotiba Phule?

a) Ramabai Ranade

b) Tarabai Shinde

c) Savitribai Phule

d) Anandibai Joshi

369 / 575

Category: Social Reforms:

369. Who is credited with founding the Brahmo Samaj and campaigning for the abolition of Sati?

a) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

b) Jyotiba Phule

c) Swami Dayanand Saraswati

d) Raja Rammohan Roy

370 / 575

Category: Aims and early sessions of the Congress

370. Who was the president of the first session of the Indian National Congress held in 1885?

a) Dadabhai Naoroji

b) Badruddin Tyabji

c) W.C. Bonnerjee

d) Rashbehari Ghosh

371 / 575

Category: Founded in London by Dadabhai Naoroji.

371. Which of the following was a significant achievement of the East India Association?

a) Organizing mass protests across India

b) Launching a military campaign against the British

c) Highlighting Indian issues before the British government \� Establishing direct rule in India

372 / 575

Category: Build strong public opinion.

372. What is the primary purpose of building strong public opinion?

a) To entertain the public

b) To influence decision-making processes

c) To replace governmental policies

d) To promote individual businesses

373 / 575

Category: Indian National Conference (1883)

373. In which year did the Indian National Conference merge with the Indian National Congress?

a) 1885

b) 1886

c) 1887

d) 1884

374 / 575

Category: Landholders’ Society (1838, Calcutta)

374. Suppose the Indian Association planned a coordinated protest against the Vernacular Press Act across Bengal, Bihar, and Madras. Which strategic limitation would MOST undermine this effort?

a) Lack of British supporters in the presidency towns

b) Absence of Muslim members in its leadership

c) Over-reliance on petitions instead of public meetings

d) Restricted geographical influence beyond Bengal

375 / 575

Category: Indian Arms Act (1878)

375. Which group was exempted from the provisions of the Indian Arms Act of 1878?

a) British citizens

b) Indian soldiers

c) Local rulers

d) Police officers

376 / 575

Category: Formation of the Indian National Congress

376. How did the Lahore Session (1929) redefine the Indian National Congress’s stance compared to its foundational aims of 1885?

a) It reaffirmed loyalty to the British Crown for economic concessions.

b) It replaced national unity with sectarian demands.

c) It transitioned from moderate demands to outright independence.

d) It dissolved the Congress in favor of revolutionary groups.

377 / 575

Category: Indian Association (1876):

377. Who was the prominent leader instrumental in founding the Indian Association?

a) Mahatma Gandhi

b) Jawaharlal Nehru

c) Surendranath Banerjee

d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

378 / 575

Category: Vernacular Press Act (1878)

378. What differentiated the Vernacular Press Act from the Indian Arms Act (1878)?

a) Both Acts applied equally to British and Indian citizens.

b) The Vernacular Press Act focused on press freedom, while the Arms Act regulated firearms.

c) The Arms Act was repealed earlier than the Vernacular Press Act.

d) Only the Vernacular Press Act was introduced by Lord Lytton.

379 / 575

Category: British Indian Association

379. Who among the following was a prominent leader associated with the British Indian Association in its early years?

a) Mahatma Gandhi

b) Bhagat Singh

c) Debendranath Tagore

d) Subhas Chandra Bose

380 / 575

Category: Repressive Colonial Policies

380. What was the main purpose of the Vernacular Press Act of 1878 introduced by Lord Lytton?

a) To encourage freedom of the press in India

b) To promote English education among Indians

c) To restrict criticism of the British government in vernacular newspapers

d) To impose taxes on newspaper publications

381 / 575

Category: Indian Association (1876):

381. Which of the following best explains why the Indian Association failed to achieve an all-India character despite its objectives?

a) It focused only on religious reforms.

b) It lacked support from the British government.

c) It could not expand beyond Bengal and a few towns.

d) It opposed the participation of workers in its activities.

382 / 575

Category: Rise of many English and vernacular newspapers

382. Which of the following newspapers was NOT among the prominent English newspapers started in the later half of the 19th century in India?

a) Dainik Bhaskar

b) The Times of India

c) The Hindu

d) The Tribune

383 / 575

Category: Vernacular Press Act (1878)

383. What was the main purpose of the Vernacular Press Act (1878)?

a) To promote English newspapers

b) To encourage vernacular newspapers

c) To suppress anti-British sentiments in vernacular press

d) To provide financial aid to newspapers

384 / 575

Category: Promote Hindu–Muslim unity.

384. Who was a major leader that promoted Hindu-Muslim unity in India before independence?

a) Jawaharlal Nehru

b) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

c) Mahatma Gandhi

d) Bhagat Singh

385 / 575

Category: Precursors of the Indian National Congress

385. What was the most significant implication of the Indian National Conference's merger with the Indian National Congress in 1886?

a) It marked the beginning of revolutionary activities against the British

b) It strengthened the Congress by adding Bengal's nationalist leadership and networks

c) It led to immediate British concessions on self-governance

d) It caused Muslim leaders to form the Muslim League in response

386 / 575

Category: Artisans and craftsmen

386. (A) Artisans played a significant role in medieval economies.
(R) They produced essential goods by hand that were traded widely.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

387 / 575

Category: Vernacular Press Act (1878)

387. , Nationalist Movement)
(A) The Vernacular Press Act (1878) was primarily introduced to suppress nationalist sentiments among Indians by curbing the freedom of vernacular newspapers.

(R) The Act targeted only vernacular newspapers and exempted English publications, highlighting the British government's discriminatory policies.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

388 / 575

Category: Raja Rammohan Roy:

388. Which organization did Raja Rammohan Roy establish in 1814 to oppose idol worship and meaningless rituals?

a) Brahmo Sabha

b) Arya Samaj

c) Atmiya Sabha

d) Prarthana Samaj

389 / 575

Category: Jyotiba Phule (Satya Shodhak Samaj)

389. Jyotiba Phule considered education as a crucial tool for social reform. What was his primary motivation behind establishing schools specifically for girls and untouchables in 19th century Maharashtra?

a) To prepare them for government jobs

b) To create a pool of educated workers for British factories

c) To challenge caste hierarchies and empower marginalized groups

d) To convert them to Christianity

390 / 575

Category: Delegation received by Viceroy Lord Dufferin as “distinguished visitors”.

390. What was the special recognition given to some delegates of the second session of the Indian National Congress (1886) by Lord Dufferin?

a) Honorary titles

b) Distinguished visitors to the capital

c) Monetary rewards

d) Government positions

391 / 575

Category: East India Association (1866)

391. Dadabhai Naoroji founded the East India Association primarily to:

a) Advocate violent rebellion against British rule

b) Establish a parallel government in India

c) Provide accurate information about India to the British public and Parliament

d) Promote trade relations between India and Britain

392 / 575

Category: Vernacular Press Act (1878)

392. (A) The Vernacular Press Act targeted only Indian-language newspapers.
(R) The British government aimed to suppress nationalist sentiments through this Act.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

393 / 575

Category: Social Reforms:

393. Raja Rammohan Roy campaigned against the practice of sati by presenting arguments to the British authorities. Which of the following best explains why his efforts were significant in Indian socio-religious reform movements?

a) He introduced the concept of monotheism through Brahmo Samaj.

b) He established schools exclusively for upper-caste women.

c) His efforts led to the immediate abolition of the caste system nationwide.

d) He successfully challenged a deep-rooted tradition using scriptural evidence and colonial legislation.

394 / 575

Category: Delegation received by Viceroy Lord Dufferin as “distinguished visitors”.

394. Who was the President of the second session of the Indian National Congress held in Kolkata in 1886?

a) W.C. Banerjee

b) Dadabhai Naoroji

c) Surendranath Banerjee

d) Badruddin Tyabji

395 / 575

Category: Impact of Western education; rational and scientific outlook.

395. Which of the following practices was actively opposed by Jyotiba Phule?

a) Promotion of Western education

b) Caste discrimination and oppression of lower castes

c) Spread of Christianity

d) Support for British policies

396 / 575

Category: Vernacular Press Act (1878)

396. Who introduced the Vernacular Press Act in 1878?

a) Lord Ripon

b) Lord Canning

c) Lord Lytton

d) Lord Dalhousie

397 / 575

Category: Humanist; unity of all religions

397. What was the original name of the organization later renamed Brahmo Samaj?

a) Atmiya Sabha

b) Arya Samaj

c) Brahmo Sabha

d) Prarthana Samaj

398 / 575

Category: Aims and early sessions of the Congress

398. What was the main reason for the split in the Indian National Congress during the Surat Session of 1907?

a) Disagreement over the Partition of Bengal

b) Conflict regarding participation in World War I

c) Differences in strategies for attaining self-rule

d) Opposition to the introduction of the Swadeshi Movement

399 / 575

Category: Pioneer of Indian Journalism:

399. What significant demand did Raja Rammohan Roy make regarding the British administration in India?

a) Abolition of English education in India

b) Separation of the executive and the judiciary

c) Ban on vernacular newspapers

d) Introduction of heavy taxes on Indian goods

400 / 575

Category: Educated Indians

400. Which of the following best describes how educated Indians contributed to the nationalist movement beyond just forming political associations?

a) By serving as bureaucrats in the British administration

b) Through intellectual analysis, mass mobilization and organizational skills

c) By collecting funds from British industrialists

d) Through military training of local youth

401 / 575

Category: Caste and social justice

401. Why did Jyotiba Phule establish the Satya Shodhak Samaj in 1873?

a) To promote religious rituals among upper castes

b) To advocate for British colonial rule

c) To secure social justice for weaker sections

d) To preserve traditional caste privileges

402 / 575

Category: Social Reforms:

402. Who founded the Brahmo Samaj in 1828?

a) Jyotiba Phule

b) Swami Vivekananda

c) Raja Rammohan Roy

d) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

403 / 575

Category: Proposal: Indian judges trying Europeans

403. How did the British community in India react to the Ilbert Bill proposal?

a) They welcomed it as a progressive reform

b) They remained neutral and did not react

c) They formed a Defence Association to oppose the Bill

d) They supported the educated Indians' counter-agitation

404 / 575

Category: Precursors of the Indian National Congress

404. What was the primary objective of the Indian National Conference held in 1883?

a) Demand complete independence from British rule

b) Promote trade relations with Britain

c) Advocate the interests of Indian princes

d) Work for Indian welfare and political reforms

405 / 575

Category: Raja Rammohan Roy:

405. Which of the following demands was advocated by Raja Rammohan Roy regarding judicial reforms?

a) Establishment of British courts in India

b) Separation of executive and judiciary

c) Banning Indian judges from courts

d) Mandatory use of English in courts

406 / 575

Category: Repressive Colonial Policies

406. What was one of the repressive economic policies introduced during Lord Lytton's viceroyalty that harmed Indian industries?

a) Introduction of income tax on Indian traders

b) Removal of import duties on British textiles

c) Ban on Indian handicrafts

d) Imposition of high tariffs on Indian exports

407 / 575

Category: East India Association:

407. The establishment of branches in Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai by the East India Association helped in:

a) Encouraging local industries to compete with Britain

b) Strengthening direct communication of Indian issues across regions

c) Training Indians in military tactics

d) Promoting religious conversions

408 / 575

Category: East India Association:

408. Dadabhai Naoroji's role in the East India Association was significant because he:

a) Led armed revolts against British rule

b) Focused solely on economic reforms

c) Organized the first major protest in Mumbai

d) Highlighted Indian problems through systematic advocacy in Britain

409 / 575

Category: Jyotiba Phule:

409. (A) Jyotiba Phule founded the Satya Shodhak Samaj to promote education for women and lower castes.
(R) He believed that education was the key to social equality and empowerment of marginalized sections.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

410 / 575

Category: Indian National Conference (1883)

410. The Indian National Conference of 1883 was significant in Indian political history because it:

a) Provided immediate self-rule to Indians under British Raj

b) Was the first attempt to organize a nationwide political movement

c) Served as a model for the Indian National Congress and merged with it later

d) Was solely focused on social reforms without any political agenda

411 / 575

Category: Jyotiba Phule:

411. Why did Jyotiba Phule title his book 'Ghulamgiri'?

a) To criticize British colonial policies in India

b) To emphasize the economic exploitation of peasants

c) To depict the plight of lower castes under the caste system

d) To promote religious conversion among lower castes

412 / 575

Category: Impact of Western education; rational and scientific outlook.

412. Consider a debate among 19th century Indian reformers about adopting Western ideas while preserving Indian cultural identity. Which philosophical principle best represents Raja Rammohan Roy's approach to social reform?

a) Complete rejection of Indian traditions in favor of Western modernity

b) Strict preservation of all Hindu customs as they existed

c) Selective adoption of Western rationalism while reforming oppressive Indian traditions

d) Revival of ancient Vedic practices without any modern influence

413 / 575

Category: First Session (Bombay, 1885)

413. Which of the following was NOT among the declared aims of the Indian National Congress in its first session under W.C. Bonnerjee's presidency?

a) To promote friendly relations among nationalist workers

b) To develop feelings of national unity

c) To violently overthrow British rule

d) To formulate and present popular demands before the government

414 / 575

Category: Indian Association (1876):

414. What distinguished the membership structure of the Indian Association from other contemporary organizations?

a) It exclusively included zamindars and landlords.

b) It was dominated by British officials.

c) It comprised mainly of peasants and workers.

d) It had lawyers, professionals, and the educated middle class.

415 / 575

Category: Factors leading to the growth of nationalism

415. What major idea did socio-religious reformers like Raja Rammohan Roy advocate for in the context of nationalism?

a) Promotion of caste discrimination

b) Support for British policies

c) Idea of Swaraj and India for Indians

d) Opposition to women's education

416 / 575

Category: Political Rights:

416. Who is considered the father of Indian Renaissance and the prophet of Indian Nationalism?

a) Mahatma Gandhi

b) Jawaharlal Nehru

c) Sardar Patel

d) Raja Rammohan Roy

417 / 575

Category: Landholders’ Society (1838, Calcutta)

417. What was the significance of the Landholders' Society?

a) It was the first trade union in India

b) It was the first political association in India

c) It was the first educational institution in India

d) It was the first sports organization in India

418 / 575

Category: Indian Arms Act (1878)

418. Why did the British introduce the Indian Arms Act (1878)?

a) To promote sportsmanship among Indians

b) To standardize arms manufacturing in India

c) To prevent Indian armed resistance against British rule

d) To encourage Indians to join the British army

419 / 575

Category: Bengal British India Society

419. What was the primary method adopted by the Bengal British India Society to represent Indian grievances before the British authorities?

a) Organizing mass protests and demonstrations

b) Presenting petitions and memorandums

c) Launching armed rebellions

d) Boycotting British goods and services

420 / 575

Category: Study of Sanskrit, Quran, Bible, Western thought

420. What languages did Raja Rammohan Roy learn to study religious texts in their original form?

a) French and Latin

b) Greek and Hebrew

c) German and Russian

d) Chinese and Japanese

421 / 575

Category: Repressive Colonial Policies

421. The Vernacular Press Act of 1878 was introduced by which Viceroy of India?

a) Lord Canning

b) Lord Dalhousie

c) Lord Ripon

d) Lord Lytton

422 / 575

Category: General aim of British policies

422. Which of the following best describes the primary economic objective behind the British policy of 'Drain of Wealth' in India?

a) To promote industrialization in India under British supervision

b) To transfer Indian wealth back to Britain to fund industrial expansion there

c) To distribute resources equally among Indian princely states

d) To establish self-sufficient local economies in Indian provinces

423 / 575

Category: Political Rights:

423. Swami Dayanand Saraswati’s use of the slogan ‘India for the Indians’ had which of the following effects on the Indian national movement?

a) It led to immediate mass protests against British economic policies.

b) It inspired later leaders to adopt similar rhetoric in their demands for independence.

c) It resulted in the formation of the Indian National Congress.

d) It caused the British to withdraw all repressive laws immediately.

424 / 575

Category: Upliftment of Women:

424. Jyotiba Phule and Savitribai Phule's efforts in education were primarily aimed at which of the following goals?

a) Liberating depressed classes by educating them

b) Promoting Hindu traditions among women

c) Establishing British-style education systems

d) Encouraging religious conversions

425 / 575

Category: Indian Arms Act (1878)

425. Who introduced the Indian Arms Act of 1878?

a) Lord Dalhousie

b) Lord Canning

c) Lord Curzon

d) Lord Lytton

426 / 575

Category: Vernacular Press Act (1878)

426. (A) The Vernacular Press Act was introduced to suppress the nationalist sentiments expressed in Indian vernacular newspapers.
(R) The British government feared that vernacular newspapers could incite dissatisfaction against their rule.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

427 / 575

Category: President: W.C. Bonnerjee

427. What significant suggestion regarding the name of the Congress was made by an eminent leader during its foundation, leading to the adoption of 'Indian National Congress'?

a) To rename it as the All India Congress Committee

b) To adopt the name Indian National Congress as suggested by Dadabhai Naoroji

c) To retain the original name 'The Indian Union'

d) To merge with the Muslim League for a united front

428 / 575

Category: Study of Sanskrit, Quran, Bible, Western thought

428. What was the name of the book written by Raja Rammohan Roy in Persian that advocated monotheism?

a) Vedic Monotheism

b) Gift to Monotheists

c) The Brahmo Doctrine

d) Unity of All Religions

429 / 575

Category: Jyotiba Phule:

429. What was the name of the school started by Jyotiba Phule and Savitribai Phule in 1851?

a) School for Boys

b) School for Untouchables

c) Private Orphanage for Widows

d) Girls' School in Pune

430 / 575

Category: President: W.C. Bonnerjee

430. Who was the first president of the Indian National Congress?

a) Dadabhai Naoroji

b) Gopal Krishna Gokhale

c) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

d) W.C. Bonnerjee

431 / 575

Category: First Session (Bombay, 1885)

431. Which of the following was NOT one of the aims declared by W.C. Bonnerjee during the first session of the Indian National Congress?

a) To promote friendly relations between nationalist political workers

b) To develop feelings of national unity

c) To revolt against British rule immediately

d) To formulate popular demands and present them before the government

432 / 575

Category: Inclusion of women as potential political participants.

432. How did newspapers like *The Hindu* and *The Tribune* contribute to the inclusion of women as potential political participants?

a) By advocating for the restriction of women's public appearances

b) By ignoring issues related to women's rights

c) By opposing women's education entirely

d) By highlighting the need for women's education and public participation

433 / 575

Category: Rise of many English and vernacular newspapers

433. The Vernacular Press Act (1878) was introduced by which British Viceroy in India?

a) Lord Ripon

b) Lord Dalhousie

c) Lord Lytton

d) Lord Curzon

434 / 575

Category: President: W.C. Bonnerjee

434. Who among the following was NOT present at the first session of the Indian National Congress presided over by W.C. Bonnerjee?

a) Dadabhai Naoroji

b) Mahatma Gandhi

c) Pherozeshah Mehta

d) Badruddin Tyabji

435 / 575

Category: Founded in London by Dadabhai Naoroji.

435. In which Indian cities did the East India Association establish branches?

a) Delhi, Hyderabad, Bangalore

b) Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai

c) Lahore, Karachi, Dhaka

d) Pune, Ahmedabad, Surat

436 / 575

Category: Jyotiba Phule (Satya Shodhak Samaj)

436. What significant contribution did Jyotiba Phule make towards women's education in 19th-century India?

a) Establishing the first university exclusively for women

b) Starting one of the first girls' schools in Pune

c) Advocating for compulsory military service for women

d) Founding a religious institution for women's spiritual education

437 / 575

Category: Delegation received by Viceroy Lord Dufferin as “distinguished visitors”.

437. During the second session of 1886 held in Kolkata, why did Viceroy Lord Dufferin refer to some delegates as "distinguished visitors to the capital"?

a) To recognize them as official representatives of the Indian National Congress

b) To mock their demands for self-governance as trivial

c) To acknowledge their social status while downplaying their political influence

d) To honor them for their contributions to British colonial administration

438 / 575

Category: Indian Association (1876):

438. Why did the Indian Association protest against lowering the age limit for the I.C.S examination from 21 to 19 years?

a) To promote Hindu-Muslim unity.

b) To ensure mass participation in public movements.

c) To oppose the Vernacular Press Act.

d) To protect the career prospects of educated Indian youth.

439 / 575

Category: Indian Association (1876):

439. What was one of the primary objectives of the Indian Association founded in 1876?

a) To establish British rule permanently in India

b) To integrate Indian people on the basis of common political interests

c) To advocate for complete isolation from global politics

d) To support only the Zamindars in their economic demands

440 / 575

Category: Educated Indians

440. The limited career prospects for educated Indians under British rule had what significant unintended consequence?

a) Made them migrate to other British colonies

b) Pushed them towards revolutionary terrorism immediately

c) Transformed them into vocal critics and organizers of nationalism

d) Forced them to abandon Western education

441 / 575

Category: Critique of caste rigidity, polygamy, child marriage, purdah

441. Raja Rammohan Roy's reform efforts included both opposition to caste rigidity and polygamy. How did his approach to these two social evils differ in terms of immediate impact on Indian society?

a) Legal prohibitions against polygamy came faster than those against caste discrimination

b) Caste reform movements gained more public support initially than anti-polygamy campaigns

c) Both issues were addressed simultaneously with equal success rates

d) Neither issue saw any significant change during his lifetime

442 / 575

Category: Formation of the Indian National Congress

442. At the Lucknow Session (1916), the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League signed the Lucknow Pact. What strategic shift did this represent in the Congress’s approach toward achieving its aims?

a) Abandoning demands for self-rule to prioritize social reforms.

b) Prioritizing regional interests over national unity post-Surat Split.

c) Partnering with the Muslim League to amplify constitutional demands.

d) Rejecting alliances to maintain ideological purity.

443 / 575

Category: Uplift of women

443. Which of the following best describes Jyotiba Phule's view on women's education and its significance in society?

a) Education was essential to elevate women's social status and challenge traditional norms

b) Education would make women financially independent but not necessarily change societal perceptions

c) Women's education was secondary to religious reforms in his agenda

d) Education was only meant for upper-caste women as per his vision

444 / 575

Category: Upliftment of Women:

444. Jyotiba Phule and Savitribai Phule are credited with starting one of the first girls' schools in Pune. What was the primary objective behind their initiative to educate women?

a) To provide vocational training for employment

b) To uplift women's status by making them financially independent

c) To maintain the superiority of women through education

d) To encourage women to participate in political movements

445 / 575

Category: Caste and social justice

445. Who founded the Satya Shodhak Samaj in 1873 to fight against caste discrimination and promote social justice?

a) Swami Vivekananda

b) Raja Rammohan Roy

c) Jyotiba Phule

d) Mahatma Gandhi

446 / 575

Category: Social Justice for Lower Castes:

446. (A) Jyotiba Phule established the Satya Shodhak Samaj to achieve social justice for lower castes.
(R) The Satya Shodhak Samaj aimed to liberate depressed classes by educating them and making them aware of their rights.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

447 / 575

Category: Socio‑religious reform movements

447. Who founded the Brahmo Sabha, which later became the Brahmo Samaj?

a) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

b) Swami Dayanand Saraswati

c) Jyotiba Phule

d) Raja Rammohan Roy

448 / 575

Category: Uplift of women

448. Who among the following social reformers started one of the first girls' schools in Pune along with his wife?

a) Raja Rammohan Roy

b) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

c) Jyotiba Phule

d) Swami Vivekananda

449 / 575

Category: Journalism and political rights

449. Which of the following newspapers or journals was NOT started by Raja Rammohan Roy?

a) Samwad Kaumudi

b) Mirat-ul-Akhbar

c) The Hindu

d) A Persian journal advocating social reforms

450 / 575

Category: Effects the of Socio-religious Reform Movements on Growth of Nationalism

450. Which of the following ideas promoted by socio-religious reformers contributed most to uniting Indians against colonial rule?

a) Revival of ancient scriptures

b) Promotion of Western education

c) Condemnation of untouchability and caste system

d) Advocacy for religious conversion

451 / 575

Category: Indian Association (1876)

451. Who was the prominent leader of the Indian Association formed in 1876?

a) Dadabhai Naoroji

b) Gopal Krishna Gokhale

c) Surendranath Banerjee

d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

452 / 575

Category: General aim of British policies

452. What was the primary reason for the peasants' economic discontent under British rule?

a) High agricultural productivity leading to surplus production

b) Excessive land revenue and taxes imposed by the British

c) Lack of modern farming techniques

d) Industrial growth reducing agricultural demand

453 / 575

Category: Educated Indians

453. How did educated Indians contribute to the early nationalist movement in India?

a) By joining the British civil services

b) By organizing military revolts against the British

c) By articulating people's demands and organizing political agitation

d) By promoting religious reforms exclusively

454 / 575

Category: Effects the of Socio-religious Reform Movements on Growth of Nationalism

454. How did the socio-religious reform movements' emphasis on women's empowerment indirectly contribute to the growth of Indian nationalism?

a) Women were restricted to religious roles to counter Western influence.

b) By excluding women from political discourse to maintain traditional values.

c) Educated women led boycotts of foreign goods and propagated nationalist ideas.

d) The reforms prioritized men’s education over women’s rights.

455 / 575

Category: Humanist; unity of all religions

455. Jyotiba Phule founded the Satya Shodhak Samaj primarily to address which issue?

a) Promoting British colonial policies

b) Advocating for upper-caste privileges

c) Securing social justice for lower castes

d) Establishing new religious rituals

456 / 575

Category: Bengal British India Society

456. When was the Bengal British India Society established?

a) 1825

b) 1835

c) 1843

d) 1857

457 / 575

Category: Grand Delhi Durbar (1877) during famine

457. What was the primary reason the Grand Delhi Durbar of 1877 became a symbol of colonial exploitation in India?

a) The proclamation of Queen Victoria as the Empress of India

b) The participation of Indian princes in the Durbar

c) The lack of relief measures during the concurrent famine

d) The introduction of new taxes to fund the Durbar

458 / 575

Category: Jyotiba Phule (Satya Shodhak Samaj)

458. What was the primary objective of the Satya Shodhak Samaj founded by Jyotiba Phule in 1873?

a) Promoting British rule in India

b) Spreading Western education among the elite

c) Securing social justice for weaker sections

d) Advocating for religious conversion

459 / 575

Category: Upliftment of Women:

459. (A) Jyotiba Phule's establishment of girls' schools was primarily aimed at maintaining the superiority of women over men.
(R) Jyotiba Phule believed that education would empower women to challenge existing social inequalities and participate in national movements.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

460 / 575

Category: High land revenue and other taxes

460. How did the oppressive taxation policies of the British contribute to Indian nationalism?

a) By promoting economic equality

b) By encouraging industrial development

c) Through economic discontent and resentment

d) By reducing peasant dependence on moneylenders

461 / 575

Category: Violent European opposition; Defence Association

461. How did the withdrawal of the Ilbert Bill impact the political consciousness of educated Indians?

a) It strengthened trust in British promises of reform

b) It led to a decline in political activism among Indians

c) It reinforced the idea that British rule was beneficial for India

d) It highlighted racial discrimination and fueled nationalist sentiments

462 / 575

Category: Proposal: Indian judges trying Europeans

462. How did the withdrawal of the Ilbert Bill contribute to the growth of Indian nationalism?

a) By encouraging Indians to join British administrative services.

b) By revealing British racial prejudice and inspiring political mobilization.

c) By reducing tensions between British officials and Indian elites.

d) By promoting the idea of complete isolation from British policies.

463 / 575

Category: Effects the of Socio-religious Reform Movements on Growth of Nationalism

463. How did socio-religious reform movements contribute to women's participation in the national movement?

a) By banning women from public life

b) By advocating for their exclusion from politics

c) By teaching people not to ignore their importance

d) By restricting women to household duties

464 / 575

Category: Journalism and political rights

464. What was the most significant outcome of the Ilbert Bill controversy in 1883 regarding Indian nationalism?

a) It established complete judicial equality between Indians and British

b) It resulted in immediate independence for India

c) It exposed British racism and strengthened Indian unity against colonial policies

d) It led to the permanent exclusion of Indians from judiciary

465 / 575

Category: Repressive Colonial Policies

465. What was the main purpose of the Ilbert Bill proposed in 1883?

a) To impose higher taxes on Indians

b) To ban Indian participation in civil services

c) To allow Indian judges to try British or European individuals

d) To reduce the age limit for civil service examinations

466 / 575

Category: Caste and social justice

466. What was the primary objective behind Jyotiba Phule's establishment of Satya Shodhak Samaj in 1873?

a) To challenge British colonial rule through religious reforms.

b) To promote agricultural reforms among upper-caste farmers.

c) To secure social justice for weaker sections through education and awareness.

d) To establish a new Hindu religious sect opposing foreign religions.

467 / 575

Category: Aims and early sessions of the Congress

467. In which year did the Surat Session of the Indian National Congress result in a split between the Early Nationalists and the Assertive Nationalists?

a) 1906

b) 1907

c) 1911

d) 1916

468 / 575

Category: Journalism and political rights

468. What was one major impact of vernacular newspapers in India during the late 19th century?

a) Promoted British policies

b) Divided people on religious lines

c) Encouraged regional conflicts

d) Facilitated political movements and national unity

469 / 575

Category: Pioneer of Indian Journalism:

469. (A) Raja Rammohan Roy started the Bengali weekly 'Samwad Kaumudi' and a Persian paper 'Mirat-ul-Akhbar'.
(R) He aimed to spread modern liberal ideals and criticize unjust British policies through his journals.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

470 / 575

Category: East India Association (1866)

470. In which Indian cities did the East India Association have branches?

a) Delhi, Hyderabad, Bangalore

b) Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai

c) Lucknow, Patna, Ahmedabad

d) Jaipur, Pune, Chandigarh

471 / 575

Category: Raja Rammohan Roy:

471. What significant reform was achieved due to Raja Rammohan Roy's efforts in 1829?

a) Abolition of child marriage

b) Legalization of widow remarriage

c) Abolition of Sati

d) Introduction of women's education

472 / 575

Category: Jyotiba Phule:

472. What was the main objective of Satya Shodhak Samaj founded by Jyotiba Phule?

a) Promote British Rule

b) Spread Hindu Customs

c) Secure Social Justice for Weaker Sections

d) Establish Religious Monuments

473 / 575

Category: Economic exploitation

473. How did British policies affect Indian artisans and craftsmen?

a) They received government subsidies

b) Their products were exported globally

c) Their handicrafts and industries were destroyed

d) They gained access to new markets

474 / 575

Category: Social Justice for Lower Castes:

474. (A) Jyotiba Phule founded the Satya Shodhak Samaj primarily to challenge Brahminical dominance and promote social equality among lower castes.
(R) The caste system in India was deeply entrenched, and Jyotiba Phule believed that education alone could dismantle it.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

475 / 575

Category: British Indian Association

475. Unable to generate question due to missing syllabus.

a) Placeholder option A

b) Placeholder option B

c) Placeholder option C

d) Placeholder option D

476 / 575

Category: Repressive Colonial Policies

476. What was the main objective of the Vernacular Press Act introduced by Lord Lytton in 1878?

a) To promote vernacular languages among Indians

b) To encourage freedom of speech in India

c) To restrict Indian publications criticizing the British government

d) To provide financial aid to vernacular newspapers

e) To tax vernacular newspapers heavily

477 / 575

Category: Social Reforms:

477. Which of the following social evils was abolished with the efforts of Raja Rammohan Roy?

a) Child marriage

b) Sati

c) Dowry system

d) Caste system

478 / 575

Category: Repressive Colonial Policies

478. What was the significance of the Grand Delhi Durbar of 1877 in the context of British repressive policies?

a) It demonstrated the British commitment to Indian economic development.

b) It celebrated Indian cultural heritage, strengthening local traditions.

c) It marked the end of discriminatory policies against Indians.

d) It revealed British indifference to Indian suffering, fueling anti-colonial sentiments.

479 / 575

Category: Artisans and craftsmen

479. How did British policies affect the economic condition of artisans and craftsmen in colonial India?

a) They gained access to advanced machinery.

b) Their traditional industries flourished.

c) Heavy taxes and decline of handicrafts marginalized them.

d) They received subsidies from the British government.

480 / 575

Category: Political Rights:

480. What was one of the key political rights demanded by Raja Rammohan Roy in colonial India?

a) Separation of the executive and the judiciary

b) Abolition of all British laws

c) Establishment of a monarchy

d) Formation of a military government

481 / 575

Category: Social Reforms:

481. Which reformer established one of the first schools for girls in Pune and worked extensively for the upliftment of lower castes?

a) Raja Rammohan Roy

b) Swami Vivekananda

c) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

d) Jyotiba Phule

482 / 575

Category: Effects on nationalism:

482. How did the socio-religious reform movements contribute to the economic discontent among Indians under British rule?

a) By promoting industrialization to counter British economic policies

b) By addressing social issues that indirectly reinforced economic exploitation

c) By advocating for direct armed rebellion against the British

d) By focusing solely on religious reforms without economic implications

483 / 575

Category: Precursors of the Indian National Congress

483. The Indian Association under Surendranath Banerjee launched agitations against several British policies EXCEPT which one?

a) The Vernacular Press Act of 1878

b) The introduction of English education in India

c) Lowering the age limit for ICS examinations

d) The Arms Act of 1878

484 / 575

Category: Impact of Western education; rational and scientific outlook.

484. A historian analyzing Jyotiba Phule's contributions would most likely emphasize which innovative aspect of his educational initiatives?

a) Focus on Sanskrit education for Brahmin students

b) Establishment of vocational training centers for artisans

c) Creation of separate educational institutions for different castes

d) Pioneering schools for girls and untouchables with his wife as teacher

485 / 575

Category: Vernacular Press Act (1878)

485. Which of the following was a key provision of the Vernacular Press Act (1878)?

a) It required English newspapers to obtain prior approval before publication.

b) It allowed vernacular newspapers to criticize British policies freely.

c) It imposed strict censorship only on English-language newspapers.

d) It prohibited vernacular papers from publishing anti-government material.

486 / 575

Category: Socio‑religious reform movements

486. What was the primary aim of Jyotiba Phule's Satya Shodhak Samaj?

a) Promoting idol worship

b) Advocating British rule

c) Spreading Western education alone

d) Securing social justice for lower castes and women

487 / 575

Category: Effects the of Socio-religious Reform Movements on Growth of Nationalism

487. Who was the first to use the term 'Swaraj' and raise the slogan 'India for the Indians'?

a) Mahatma Gandhi

b) Raja Ram Mohan Roy

c) Swami Vivekananda

d) Swami Dayanand Saraswati

488 / 575

Category: President: W.C. Bonnerjee

488. Which of the following was NOT one of the aims declared by W.C. Bonnerjee for the Indian National Congress?

a) To promote friendly relations among nationalist workers

b) To develop feelings of national unity

c) To demand immediate independence

d) To train and organise public opinion

489 / 575

Category: Pioneer of Indian Journalism:

489. Raja Rammohan Roy is often referred to as the "Father of Indian Renaissance." Which newspaper did he start in Bengali to spread political awareness among Indians?

a) Samachar Darpan

b) Sambad Prabhakar

c) Mirat-ul-Akhbar

d) Samwad Kaumudi

490 / 575

Category: Build strong public opinion.

490. What was one of the primary roles of the press in the later half of the 19th century in India?

a) Spreading religious propaganda to divide communities.

b) Encouraging loyalty towards the British rulers.

c) Promoting only regional languages and dialects.

d) Exposing the unjust policies of the British Government and fostering nationalism.

491 / 575

Category: Repressive Colonial Policies

491. Why did the Ilbert Bill controversy become a turning point in India’s nationalist movement?

a) It granted Indians unrestricted access to British courts without discrimination.

b) It successfully ended racial disparities in the colonial legal system.

c) It encouraged British officials to support Indian judicial reforms.

d) It exposed British hypocrisy about equality, radicalizing Indian political activism.

492 / 575

Category: Proposal: Indian judges trying Europeans

492. What was one major consequence of the withdrawal of the Ilbert Bill?

a) It increased cooperation between Indians and the British government

b) It led to the immediate independence of India

c) It exposed British racism and fueled Indian nationalism

d) It resulted in fewer judicial reforms in India

493 / 575

Category: Vernacular Press Act (1878)

493. How did the Vernacular Press Act and the Indian Arms Act collectively reflect British policy in India during Lord Lytton's tenure?

a) They promoted equality between Indians and the British

b) They were economic reforms to boost Indian industries

c) They were part of a strategy to empower Indian soldiers

d) They reinforced British dominance by restricting Indian freedoms

494 / 575

Category: Repressive Colonial Policies

494. Why did the Ilbert Bill of 1883 provoke opposition from the British community in India?

a) It proposed higher taxes on British traders

b) It allowed Indian judges to try British or European offenders

c) It restricted British access to Indian courts

d) It banned British officials from serving in India

495 / 575

Category: Build strong public opinion.

495. Which of the following strategies is most effective for building strong public opinion through media campaigns?

a) Focusing solely on one media platform to avoid message dilution

b) Using sensational headlines without factual backing to attract attention

c) Combining social media, TV, and print media with a unified message

d) Avoiding involvement of opinion leaders to prevent bias

496 / 575

Category: Pioneer of Indian Journalism:

496. What distinguished Jyotiba Phule’s contributions from those of Raja Rammohan Roy in the context of social reforms?

a) Both worked exclusively on advocating for British governance reforms.

b) Phule concentrated on women and lower caste upliftment, unlike Roy’s broader focus.

c) Roy worked only on religious reforms, while Phule focused on political rights.

d) Phule ignored education while Roy emphasized it heavily.

497 / 575

Category: East India Association:

497. What was the primary objective of the East India Association?

a) To promote British trade in India

b) To spread Christianity in India

c) To advocate for Indian independence through violent means

d) To inform British citizens and MPs about Indian issues

498 / 575

Category: Journalism and political rights

498. Which newspaper played a significant role in spreading modern liberal ideals like liberty and freedom during the later half of the 19th century in India?

a) The Indian Express

b) The Hindustan Times

c) The Amrit Bazar Patrika

d) Dainik Jagran

499 / 575

Category: Humanist; unity of all religions

499. Which aspect of Hindu religion did Jyotiba Phule primarily criticize due to his personal experiences?

a) Idol worship and rituals

b) Monotheistic beliefs

c) Caste system and untouchability

d) Importance of Sanskrit scriptures

500 / 575

Category: High land revenue and other taxes

500. (A) The British imposed high land revenue and other taxes on Indian peasants.
(R) These exorbitant taxes forced peasants into debt and dependence on moneylenders.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

501 / 575

Category: Socio‑religious reform movements

501. Jyotiba Phule’s Satya Shodhak Samaj primarily aimed to address inequalities by focusing on which two marginalized groups?

a) Brahmins and Kshatriyas

b) Traders and Artisans

c) British officials and Indian elites

d) Lower castes and women

502 / 575

Category: Landholders’ Society (1838, Calcutta)

502. How did the Landholders' Society influence later political developments in India?

a) By merging with the East India Company to form a joint governance body.

b) By inspiring future political associations through its model of collective representation.

c) By abolishing the zamindari system immediately after its formation.

d) By discouraging Indians from participating in politics.

503 / 575

Category: Violent European opposition; Defence Association

503. How did the withdrawal of the Ilbert Bill impact Indian nationalism?

a) It strengthened British administrative control over India

b) It encouraged Indians to demand greater rights and equality

c) It reduced tensions between Indians and Europeans

d) It promoted cultural exchanges between India and Britain

504 / 575

Category: Vernacular Press Act (1878)

504. In which year was the Vernacular Press Act repealed?

a) 1879

b) 1880

c) 1881

d) 1882

505 / 575

Category: Social Justice for Lower Castes:

505. Jyotiba Phule's concept of social justice primarily focused on dismantling which oppressive structure while simultaneously advocating for what key equalizing factor?

a) Religious hierarchy through spiritual enlightenment

b) Economic disparity through wealth redistribution

c) Caste system through mass education

d) Gender inequality through political representation

506 / 575

Category: Effects the of Socio-religious Reform Movements on Growth of Nationalism

506. How did socio-religious reform movements contribute to nationalism by addressing social issues?

a) By promoting British policies

b) By supporting caste-based discrimination

c) By condemning untouchability and the caste system

d) By discouraging women's participation

507 / 575

Category: Indian National Conference (1883)

507. Who convened the All India National Conference in 1883?

a) Dadabhai Naoroji

b) Gopal Krishna Gokhale

c) Surendranath Banerjee

d) Mahatma Gandhi

508 / 575

Category: Effects on nationalism:

508. Who among the following worked to eradicate social evils like caste discrimination and promoted rational thinking?

a) Lord Dalhousie

b) Raja Rammohan Roy

c) Warren Hastings

d) Robert Clive

509 / 575

Category: High land revenue and other taxes

509. How did the high land revenue and other taxes imposed by the British affect the Indian peasants economically?

a) It increased their agricultural productivity and prosperity

b) It forced them into debt and dependence on moneylenders

c) It enabled them to invest in modern farming techniques

d) It reduced their tax burden significantly compared to pre-British rule

510 / 575

Category: Precursors of the Indian National Congress

510. Who founded the East India Association in 1866?

a) Mahatma Gandhi

b) Gopal Krishna Gokhale

c) Dadabhai Naoroji

d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

511 / 575

Category: Repressive Colonial Policies

511. How did the Vernacular Press Act and Indian Arms Act of 1878 reflect the discriminatory nature of British colonial policies in India?

a) Both Acts applied equally to Indians and British citizens without any bias

b) Only the Vernacular Press Act was repealed in 1882, while the Arms Act remained in force indefinitely

c) The Vernacular Press Act suppressed English newspapers, while the Arms Act applied exclusively to Indians

d) The Vernacular Press Act targeted vernacular newspapers, and the Arms Act restricted Indians from carrying arms, both exempting the British

512 / 575

Category: Raja Rammohan Roy:

512. Raja Rammohan Roy is considered a pioneer of Indian journalism. What was the primary objective of his journals like 'Samwad Kaumudi' and 'Mirat-ul-Akhbar'?

a) Promote British trade policies

b) Advocate for the revival of ancient rituals

c) Spread scientific and political knowledge

d) Support the East India Company’s monopoly

513 / 575

Category: British Indian Association

513. In which year was the British Indian Association established?

a) 1848

b) 1851

c) 1857

d) 1865

514 / 575

Category: President: Dadabhai Naoroji

514. Why did Viceroy Lord Dufferin favor the formation of the Indian National Congress?

a) He wanted to abolish the British rule in India

b) He believed it would strengthen British control over India

c) He saw it as a means to suppress Indian nationalism

d) He considered it a tool to express Indian grievances safely under British rule

515 / 575

Category: Educated Indians

515. (A) The educated Indians who were exposed to Western ideas of liberty and equality became the primary leaders of the nationalist movement.
(R) Their political awareness led them to organize associations, write articles, and mobilize public opinion against British rule.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

516 / 575

Category: Educated Indians

516. What was the primary employment opportunity available to educated Indians under British rule in the 19th century?

a) Private sector jobs

b) Teaching in schools

c) Government service

d) Agricultural work

517 / 575

Category: Raja Rammohan Roy:

517. (A) Raja Rammohan Roy advocated for the abolition of sati and promoted monotheism through Brahmo Samaj because he believed it would modernize Hindu society.
(R) He argued that ancient Hindu texts preached monotheism and condemned meaningless rituals, which he saw as obstacles to social progress.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

518 / 575

Category: Effects on nationalism:

518. Which social issue did Raja Rammohan Roy actively campaign against?

a) Promoting child labor in factories.

b) Advocating for the continuation of sati.

c) Opposing Western education in India.

d) Campaigning against the practice of sati and promoting gender equality.

519 / 575

Category: Pioneer of Indian Journalism:

519. Which of the following newspapers was NOT among those that played a significant role in spreading patriotism during the Indian freedom struggle?

a) The Amrit Bazar Patrika

b) The Hindu

c) The Tribune

d) The Times of India

520 / 575

Category: Bengal British India Society

520. What was the significance of the Bengal British India Society?

a) It led to immediate independence for India

b) It established the first Indian university

c) It laid the groundwork for future political organizations

d) It abolished the British East India Company

521 / 575

Category: Promote Hindu–Muslim unity.

521. Which constitutional principle in India ensures equal rights and promotes harmony between Hindus and Muslims?

a) Right to Education (Article 21A)

b) Directive Principles of State Policy

c) Fundamental Rights (Article 14-18)

d) Reservation Policy for Minorities

522 / 575

Category: Uplift of women

522. What was one of the key demands made by Raja Rammohan Roy for women's empowerment?

a) Right to vote

b) Right to inheritance and property

c) Right to work

d) Right to education

523 / 575

Category: Social Reforms:

523. Which organization was founded by Jyotiba Phule to secure social justice for oppressed classes?

a) Arya Samaj

b) Brahmo Samaj

c) Satya Shodhak Samaj

d) Prarthana Samaj

524 / 575

Category: Political Rights:

524. Why did the British oppose the Ilbert Bill of 1883?

a) It proposed higher taxes on British traders

b) It threatened British economic interests

c) It allowed Indian judges to try British or Europeans

d) It reduced British military presence in India

525 / 575

Category: His Approach of Religion:

525. Raja Rammohan Roy strongly advocated monotheism and criticized idol worship. Which of the following best describes his intellectual journey towards founding the Brahmo Samaj?

a) Studied only Hindu scriptures and opposed all foreign religious influences

b) Founded Brahmo Samaj before writing *Gift to Monotheists*

c) Advocated polytheism initially but later shifted to monotheism

d) Combined study of multiple religions to promote monotheism and unity, leading to Brahmo Samaj

526 / 575

Category: Provided a model for all‑India political meetings.

526. In which year did the Indian National Conference merge with the Indian National Congress?

a) 1885

b) 1886

c) 1887

d) 1884

527 / 575

Category: Provided a model for all‑India political meetings.

527. In which year did the Indian National Conference merge with the Indian National Congress?

a) 1883

b) 1885

c) 1886

d) 1890

528 / 575

Category: High land revenue and other taxes

528. What was the primary consequence of high land revenue and other taxes imposed by the British on Indian peasants?

a) Increased agricultural productivity

b) Rise in peasant prosperity

c) Growth of industrialization

d) Indebtedness and poverty among peasants

529 / 575

Category: Precursors of the Indian National Congress

529. Who founded the East India Association in 1866?

a) Surendranath Banerjee

b) Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee

c) Dadabhai Naoroji

d) A.O. Hume

530 / 575

Category: Effects on nationalism:

530. How did the emergence of the working class in India contribute to the growth of nationalism?

a) By organizing nationwide strikes for higher agricultural output

b) By demanding exclusive rights for British industrialists

c) Through region-specific protests with no unified agenda

d) By fostering a pan-Indian identity through shared economic struggles

531 / 575

Category: Factors leading to the growth of nationalism

531. How did the economic policies of the British contribute to the growth of nationalism in India, and what role did socio-religious reforms play in this process?

a) The British policies improved the Indian economy, reducing nationalism.

b) Economic exploitation caused localized grievances without fostering nationalism.

c) Socio-religious reforms alone were responsible for the rise of nationalism.

d) Economic exploitation and socio-religious reforms together fueled nationalist sentiments.

532 / 575

Category: Critique of caste rigidity, polygamy, child marriage, purdah

532. Jyotiba Phule's critique of caste rigidity introduced a radical new perspective that differed from earlier reformers. What was this fundamental difference in approach?

a) He advocated complete rejection rather than reformation of the caste system

b) He focused only on economic aspects of caste discrimination

c) He believed caste differences should be maintained but made less rigid

d) He thought the British should legally enforce caste equality

533 / 575

Category: Economic exploitation

533. What was the primary reason for the decline of Indian handicrafts under British rule?

a) Lack of skilled labor

b) High competition from local traders

c) British policies promoting raw material export and industrial imports

d) Religious restrictions on trade

534 / 575

Category: President: W.C. Bonnerjee

534. Among the following delegates who attended the first session of the Indian National Congress under W.C. Bonnerjee, which one was NOT present?

a) Dadabhai Naoroji

b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

c) Pherozeshah Mehta

d) Badruddin Tyabji

535 / 575

Category: Aims of the Congress (initial)

535. How did the Indian National Congress plan to train and organize public opinion in its early phase?

a) Through armed rebellions against British authorities.

b) By boycotting all British educational institutions.

c) By formulating popular demands and presenting them to the government systematically.

d) By isolating specific communities from political participation.

536 / 575

Category: Raja Rammohan Roy:

536. (A) Raja Rammohan Roy advocated monotheism and condemned idol worship, founding the Brahmo Samaj to promote these principles.
(R) He believed that all principal ancient Hindu texts preached the worship of a single God.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

537 / 575

Category: Build strong public opinion.

537. Which method is commonly used to build public opinion?

a) Personal letters

b) Mass media

c) Private meetings

d) Secret ballots

538 / 575

Category: Landholders’ Society (1838, Calcutta)

538. The Landholders' Society, founded in 1838 in Kolkata, is considered significant because:

a) It was the first organization to demand complete independence from British rule.

b) It introduced Western education in India.

c) It marked the beginning of organized political activity by representing Indian landowners' interests.

d) It was established by the British government to oversee land reforms.

539 / 575

Category: His Approach of Religion:

539. In his Persian work *Gift to Monotheists* (1809), Raja Rammohan Roy argued that:

a) Hinduism should adopt more idols for diverse worship

b) Ancient Hindu texts preached monotheism, not polytheism

c) Only Christianity holds the truth of monotheism

d) Polytheism is essential for spiritual diversity

540 / 575

Category: Bengal British India Society

540. What was the primary objective of the Bengal British India Society?

a) To support British colonial policies

b) To promote socio-political awareness among Indians

c) To organize military resistance against the British

d) To establish trade monopolies

541 / 575

Category: High land revenue and other taxes

541. What was the primary consequence of British economic policies on Indian artisans and craftsmen?

a) They gained access to new international markets

b) Their products became more competitive globally

c) They were forced to abandon their traditional occupations

d) They received government subsidies to modernize their crafts

542 / 575

Category: Promote Hindu–Muslim unity.

542. Which of these principles best supports Hindu-Muslim unity?

a) Caste system

b) Religious exclusivism

c) Secularism

d) Monarchy

543 / 575

Category: Socio-Religious Reform Movements

543. Who was the first to use the slogan 'India for the Indians'?

a) Raja Rammohan Roy

b) Jyotiba Phule

c) Swami Vivekananda

d) Swami Dayanand Saraswati

544 / 575

Category: Raja Rammohan Roy:

544. Raja Rammohan Roy's Brahmo Samaj was primarily aimed at promoting which of the following ideas?

a) Worship of multiple Gods with rituals

b) Monotheism and rejection of idol worship

c) Strict adherence to caste system

d) Advocacy for polytheistic traditions

545 / 575

Category: Repressive Colonial Policies

545. How did the removal of import duties on British textiles affect Indian industries?

a) It boosted local textile production

b) It had no significant impact on Indian industries

c) It harmed Indian industries by making them uncompetitive

d) It encouraged technology transfer from Britain

546 / 575

Category: Social Justice for Lower Castes:

546. How did Jyotiba Phule contribute to the growth of Indian nationalism through his reform efforts?

a) By supporting British rule to modernize India.

b) By advocating for the partition of India.

c) By unifying diverse communities against caste discrimination.

d) By rejecting all forms of education for Indians.

547 / 575

Category: Landholders’ Society (1838, Calcutta)

547. Where was the Landholders' Society established?

a) Delhi

b) Mumbai

c) Kolkata

d) Chennai

548 / 575

Category: Repressive Colonial Policies

548. (A) The Vernacular Press Act of 1878 was introduced to suppress Indian newspapers from criticizing British policies.
(R) The Act was aimed at preventing the spread of nationalist sentiments among Indians.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

549 / 575

Category: General aim of British policies

549. (A) The British economic policies in India aimed at transforming India into a supplier of raw materials and a market for finished goods from Britain.
(R) These policies led to the destruction of Indian handicrafts and industry, forcing artisans and craftsmen into poverty.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

550 / 575

Category: Indian Arms Act (1878)

550. (A) The Indian Arms Act of 1878 was discriminatory as it required Indians to obtain a licence to carry arms but exempted the British from this requirement.
(R) The British government wanted to prevent Indians from rebelling against colonial rule by restricting their access to weapons.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

551 / 575

Category: His Approach of Religion:

551. (A) Raja Rammohan Roy's founding of the Brahmo Samaj was primarily aimed at rejecting all forms of religious worship.
(R) The Brahmo Samaj emphasized monotheism and rejected idol worship as part of its reformist agenda.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

552 / 575

Category: Jyotiba Phule:

552. Jyotiba Phule and Savitribai Phule established the first school for girls in Pune in 1851. What was one of their primary motivations behind this initiative?

a) To ensure women remained subservient to men

b) To challenge social hierarchies and empower women

c) To reduce male dominance in political spheres

d) To limit women's participation in household duties

553 / 575

Category: Repressive Colonial Policies

553. What was the primary reason for the opposition to the Ilbert Bill by the British community in India?

a) It increased taxes on British traders

b) It granted land rights to Indian farmers

c) It threatened British racial superiority by allowing Indian judges to try Europeans

d) It abolished the Indian Civil Service exam

554 / 575

Category: Rise of many English and vernacular newspapers

554. What was one of the key roles played by the press in developing national sentiment among Indians during the 19th century?

a) Encouraging regional conflicts

b) Supporting British policies without criticism

c) Making Indians aware of global political developments

d) Promoting only religious teachings

555 / 575

Category: Economic exploitation

555. (A) The British economic policies in India were designed to benefit Britain at the expense of Indian welfare.
(R) These policies forced Indian artisans and craftsmen out of their livelihoods by turning India into a supplier of raw materials and a market for British goods.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

556 / 575

Category: His Approach of Religion:

556. Raja Rammohan Roy emphasized the unity of all religions. Which languages did he learn to study religious texts in their original form?

a) Sanskrit, Persian, and Arabic

b) Greek and Hebrew

c) Sanskrit, Persian, Arabic, Greek, and Hebrew

d) Only Sanskrit and Persian

557 / 575

Category: Humanist; unity of all religions

557. How did newspapers contribute to the Indian national movement in the late 19th century?

a) Promoted British propaganda

b) Encouraged regional divides

c) Spread nationalist ideas and criticized British policies

d) Focused only on cultural events

558 / 575

Category: Inclusion of women as potential political participants.

558. How did newspapers like *The Hindu* and *The Tribune* contribute to women's inclusion as potential political participants during the freedom struggle?

a) By advocating for women's exclusion from politics

b) By focusing solely on economic issues affecting men

c) By spreading ideas of equality and highlighting women's rights

d) By discouraging discussions on social reforms

559 / 575

Category: Provided a model for all‑India political meetings.

559. What was one major significance of the Indian National Conference?

a) It introduced British education in India

b) It organized the first armed rebellion against British rule

c) It served as a model for all-India political meetings

d) It established the first Indian university

560 / 575

Category: Inclusion of women as potential political participants.

560. Which of the following best describes the reformers' view on women's participation in the national movement?

a) Women were considered unfit for political involvement due to societal norms

b) Women were encouraged to participate actively in the national movement alongside men

c) Women's participation was seen as unnecessary for the success of the movement

d) Women were advised to focus solely on religious reforms

561 / 575

Category: His Approach of Religion:

561. (A) Raja Rammohan Roy founded the Brahmo Samaj to promote unity among people of all religions and creeds.
(R) He believed that ancient Hindu texts preached monotheism, which formed the basis for his religious reforms.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

562 / 575

Category: Indian National Conference (1883)

562. What was the primary purpose of the Indian National Conference held in 1883?

a) To oppose British rule through armed rebellion

b) To promote regional cultural festivals

c) To demand complete independence from Britain

d) To work for the welfare of Indians

563 / 575

Category: General aim of British policies

563. Why did British policies lead to economic discontent among Indians?

a) Because taxes were reduced significantly

b) Because they promoted local industries

c) Because they created equal opportunities

d) Because they exploited India for British profit

564 / 575

Category: Bengal British India Society

564. Who among the following was one of the founders of the Bengal British India Society?

a) Raja Ram Mohan Roy

b) Dwarkanath Tagore

c) Surendranath Banerjee

d) Dadabhai Naoroji

565 / 575

Category: Violent European opposition; Defence Association

565. What was the main objective of the Defence Association formed by the British in response to the Ilbert Bill?

a) To provide military training to Indian soldiers

b) To expand trade relations with Indian merchants

c) To safeguard British special privileges in India

d) To support Indian nationalist movements

566 / 575

Category: First Session (Bombay, 1885)

566. What was Lord Dufferin's perspective regarding the Indian National Congress when it was founded in 1885?

a) He viewed it as a revolutionary organization

b) He considered it a ‘safety-valve’ for popular discontent

c) He dismissed it as irrelevant to Indian politics

d) He actively suppressed its activities

567 / 575

Category: Indian National Conference (1883)

567. What distinguished the Indian National Conference of 1883 from other contemporary political organizations?

a) It was exclusively funded by British authorities

b) It had no connection with broader political aspirations of India

c) It was provincial but laid the groundwork for a national political body

d) It advocated violent resistance against British rule

568 / 575

Category: Indian Arms Act (1878)

568. Under the Indian Arms Act (1878), what was the consequence for an Indian found carrying arms without a license?

a) It was considered a minor civil violation

b) No legal action was taken

c) It was deemed a criminal offense with penalties

d) Only a warning was issued

569 / 575

Category: Social Justice for Lower Castes:

569. What was the primary goal of the Satya Shodhak Samaj founded by Jyotiba Phule?

a) Promote religious conversion

b) Secure social justice for weaker sections

c) Establish a new monarchy

d) Spread Western education only

570 / 575

Category: General aim of British policies

570. How did British economic policies affect Indian artisans and craftsmen?

a) They flourished due to increased exports

b) Their products gained international recognition

c) They were deprived of their livelihood as Indian industries were crippled

d) They adopted British manufacturing techniques swiftly

571 / 575

Category: Critique of caste rigidity, polygamy, child marriage, purdah

571. The critique of polygamy by reformers like Raja Rammohan Roy primarily focused on its impact on:

a) Economic inequality

b) Religious practices

c) Social stability and women's dignity \ritem Political unrest

572 / 575

Category: East India Association:

572. Who founded the East India Association in 1866?

a) Mahatma Gandhi

b) Jawaharlal Nehru

c) Dadabhai Naoroji

d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

573 / 575

Category: Indian Association (1876)

573. Which of the following actions taken by the Indian Association demonstrates its commitment to mass participation in public movements?

a) Advocating for exclusive rights for the landed aristocracy

b) Organizing cultural festivals to promote regional arts

c) Launching agitations against the Vernacular Press Act

d) Focusing only on legal reforms for professionals

574 / 575

Category: Economic exploitation

574. (A) The economic exploitation by the British created a sense of unity among Indians, fostering nationalism.
(R) Economic policies such as high taxes on peasants and destruction of handicrafts affected all sections of society equally, leading to collective discontent.

a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion.

c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

575 / 575

Category: Uplift of women

575. How did socio-religious reform movements contribute to improving the condition of widows in 19th century India?

a) By advocating for widow remarriage and providing shelters

b) By introducing vocational training exclusively for widows

c) By pressuring the British to provide pensions to widows

d) By encouraging widows to join religious institutions

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